Download Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Study Guide

Honors Bio:
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Study
Guide
Stuff to Know:
o Who discovered the structure of DNA? __________________________________________
o DNA is made of two nucleotide chains, containing: ___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
o Be able to label a nucleotide!!
o In DNA, the 4 nitrogenous bases are? __________________________________________
o In DNA, the sugar is called: ______________________________ It is a pentose sugar, meaning
the molecular formula is: __________________________________
o Purines have a ________________________-ring structure and include the bases
________________________ and _________________________.
o Pyrimidines have a ________________________-ring structure and include the bases
________________________ and _________________________.
o DNA takes on the shape of a __________________________________ (looks like a twisted
ladder”, where the rungs are the ___________________________ and the poles are the
____________________________________________________________________
o The process of copying DNA? ___________________________________________
o When does this copying take place? _______________________________________
o Any change to DNA is called a(n)? _________________________________________
o Mutations can lead to what situations? __________________________________________
o RNA stands for _________________________________________________________
o Complimentary base pairing for RNA: A pairs with ________ and C pairs with _________
o The sugar in RNA? ____________________________________
o What do RNA and DNA have in common? ________________________________________
o What are the differences between RNA and DNA? __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
o 3 types of RNA: ______________________(mRNA), _________________ (tRNA) and
______________________ (rRNA). What is the purpose of each?
o mRNA: _______________________________________________________________
o tRNA: _______________________________________________________________
o rRNA: _______________________________________________________________
o The “building blocks” of RNA and DNA? _____________________________________
o The “building blocks” of proteins? ______________________________________
o Codon = ___________________________________________ (each codon codes for an amino
acid… example: AUG codes for __________________/methionine
o Know how to use the codon wheel/chart!!
Know the processes of:
*Replication: original DNA strand to complimentary DNA strand
Example:
original DNA:
AAA TTG CCG
replicated DNA: TTT AAC GGC
(write the replicated strand below): TAC TTA CCG TCA ATC
____________________________________________________
*Transcription: process of transcribing DNA to mRNA
original DNA: AAA TTG CCG
mRNA:
UUU AAC GGC (phenylalanine asparganine glycine)
Practice (transcribe this original DNA strand): TAC TTA CCG TCA ATC
____________________________________________________
Corresponding AA sequence? ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
____________
*Translation: mRNA translates a message to tRNA
original DNA: AAA TTG CCG
mRNA:
UUU AAC GGC,
tRNA:
AAA UUG CCG
Practice (translate this original DNA strand): TAC TTA CCG TCA ATC
____________________________________________________
o Be able to:
o
replicate, transcribe, look up A.A. sequence and translate from an original
DNA strand!!!
o label a nucleotide
o answer critical thinking questions
o describe the terminology/process/function of:
o Replication: ____________________________________________________________
o Transcription: __________________________________________________________
o Translation: ____________________________________________________________
o Pentose sugar: __________________________________________________________
o Genetic code: ___________________________________________________________
o Mutation: _____________________________________________________________
o mRNA: _______________________________________________________________
o tRNA: _______________________________________________________________
o rRNA: _______________________________________________________________
o Human Genome: _________________________________________________________
STUDY!!! PRACTICE!! STUDY SOME
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