Download Exam 6 Review - Iowa State University

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Exam 6 Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Kelly
Biol 211 (1)
Roe
4/21/14
1.) Which of the following are important biotic factors that affect the structure and organization of biotic
communities?
A) precipitation, wind
B) nutrient availablity, soil pH
C) predation, competition
D) temperature, water
E) light intensity, seasonality
2.) Which of the following causes the Earth’s seasons?
A) global air circulation
B) global ocean currents
C) tilt in the Earth’s axis
D) distance of the Earth from the sun
E) el Nino
3.) Asexual reproduction results in the production of identical offspring unless which of the following
occurs
A) natural selection
B) cloning
C) crossing over
D) mutation
E) environmental change
1000
C
B
100
10
A
0
Age
4.) Which curve in the figure above best describes survivorship that is independent of age?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) A, B, and C
E) none
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5.) An ecologist records 23 individuals of a rare orchid plants per square mile in a forest preserve and 2
per square mile in a nearby park. What is the ecologist comparing?
A) dispersion
B) density
C) carrying capacity
D) range
E) None of the above
6.) A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics?
I.
Inhabiting the same area
II.
Individuals belonging to the same species
III.
possessing constant and uniform dispersion
A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III
7.) Uniform, or evenly spread, spacing patterns observed in plants like the creosote bush are most often
associated with
A) chance
B) Patterns of humidity
C) Random distribution of seeds
D) Competitive interactions among individuals
E) The concentration of nutrients
8.) Per capita rate of increase (a change in the size of a population over time) can be equated to
A) [births + emigrants] – [deaths + immigrants]
B) [births + immigrants] – [deaths + emigrants]
C) [births - emigrants] + [deaths - immigrants]
D) [births + emigrants] + [deaths + immigrants]
E) [births - immigrants] + [deaths - emigrants]
9.) Which of the following values indicates the highest rate of growth for a population
A) dN/dt = 0.5 N
B) dN/dt = 1.0 N
C) dN/dt = 0.0 N
D) dN/dt = -0.5 N
E) dN/dt = -1.0 N
10.) Exponential growth cannot be sustained for long in any population because
A) resources are unlimited
B) environments are patchy
C) resources are limited
D) most organisms produce a few offspring
E) most plants are wind dispersed
11.) Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) none
12.) Which of the following is NOT an example of symbioses
A) Commensalism,
B) Mutualism
C) Parasitism
D) Predation
13.) The statement: “Two species cannot occupy the exact same niche” is known as
A) The competitive exclusion principal
B) Niche theory
C) Community theory
D) Predation
E) Commensalism
14.) Which of the following inter-specific interactions can be described as +/+
A) predation
B) parasitism
C) competition
D) mutualism
E) commensalism
15.) Which of the following inter-specific interactions can be described as -/A) herbivory
B parasitism
C) predation
D) competition
E) commensalism
16.) The place where an organism could live if no competitors are present can also be called it?
A) realized niche
B) fundamental niche
C) home range
D) home base
E) home sweet home
17.) Species that exert strong control over a community due to their pivotal ecological role are called:
A) Keystone species
B) Dominant species
C) Top-down species
D) Bottom–up species
18.) Which of the following statements is most consistent with F. E. Clements's interactive hypothesis?
A) The composition of plant species seems to change on a continuum.
B) The community functions as an integrated unit.
C) Communities lack discrete geographic boundaries.
D) The community is a chance assemblage of species.
E) Species are distributed independently of other species.
19.) All of the following statements about communities are correct except:
A) The distribution of almost all organisms is probably affected to some extent by both abiotic gradients
and interactions with other species.
B) Some animal species distributions within a community are linked to other species.
C) The trophic structure of a community describes abiotic factors such as rainfall and temperature
affecting members of the community.
D) Ecologists refer to species richness as the number of species within a community.
E) Many plant species in communities seem to be independently distributed.
20.) All of the following act to increase species diversity except
A) competitive exclusion.
B) patchy environments.
C) keystone predators.
D) migration of populations.
E) moderate disturbances.
21.) Resource partitioning is best described by which of the following statements?
A) Species diversity is maintained by switching between prey species.
B) A climax community is reached when no new niches are available.
C) Slight variations in niche allow similar species to coexist.
D) Two species can coevolve and share the same niche.
E) Competitive exclusion results in the success of the superior species.
22.) Resource partitioning would be most likely to occur between
A) sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.
B) allopatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.
C) sympatric populations of a predator and its prey.
D) allopatric populations of the same animal species.
E) sympatric populations of a flowering plant and its specialized insect pollinator.
Ecology in General:
2 Fundamental Questions:
1.
What affects this?
2.
What affects this?
Basic vs. Applied Ecology? (Explain the difference in under 10 words!)
Biomes: Make sure to look these up in the lecture slides!
What are they?
What characterizes them?
What are the six levels of Ecology: Circle what we have covered in depth in lecture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Describe each briefly. Which category does each topic fall under?
A. Food websB. Green House EffectC. SuccessionD. Physiological vs. Behavioral EcologyE. Demography-
Population Ecology: The Five Attributes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Match and elaborate:
A. NB.- d N/dtC. N/ areaD. clumped, random, or uniformE. Multiple alleles are present for a given locus-
Population Regulation: Which 2 Things regulate?
1.
What are they generally?
-Specifically (4, VERY briefly explained)?
-What affects them?
2.
-Generally?
-Specifically(2 briefly explain)?
-Sketch a picture to explain.
1.
1.
2.
3.
2.
4.
Survivorship Curves: Describe and give example in 3 words or less for each. Label on graph.
Type 1Type 2Type 3-
Growth:
-Label logistic or exponential?
r-
N-
rmax-
dN/dt-
tK-
5.
Humans:
What five things are most likely to limit human growth?
Why is the carrying capacity for humans difficult to estimate?
Community Ecology:
Models: Depict them.
Clements
VS.
Gleason
Who did Whittaker agree with? What do we accept? How can you make predictions in
Clements?
What is the relationship between Species Richness and Species Abundance?
4 species richness hypotheses: What limits each?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Succession:
What 3 steps make up Primary Succession?
1.
What are the 3 mechanisms of Succession
2.
3.
Equilibrium:
Depict the graph:
-What should differ between an island 500 miles from the mainland and one 20 miles away?
-What should happen if the island had a 20 mile diameter vs. a 5 mile diameter?
Competition:
( , )
Focus = Interspecific Competition:
Define: Ecological niche-
Fundamental
vs.
Realized
Define the Issue: Competitive exclusion principle-
Resolution: Resource Partitioning-
Prey1.
Predation:
( , )
2 types of mimicry
2.
3.
Herbivory:
( , )
Parasitism:
( , )
-Which are examples of symbiosis?
Other things to know:
 Macroclimate
 Microclimate
 Mountain affect
 Greenhouse gases
 Shannon Diversity Index
 S hat
 The 4 reasons so many species can exist
 Dominant and Keystone Species
Mutualism:
( , )
Commensalism:
( , )