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Unit 6 The Cold War (intro) Name____________________________ Date ___________________ The Cold War (1945-1991) I. A. The end of World War II led to important changes in the world: The United Nations was created which replaced ____________________________________________ B. The UN created a Jewish nation called ________________________ which set off a series of wars with Arabs in the Middle East C. The United States occupied & helped rebuild _______________________ D. The end of the war inspired independence throughout Africa & Asia, called __________________________________________________________ II. The Beginning of the Cold War A. One of the most important changes after World War II was the beginning of the ________________________________ 1. From 1945 to 1991, the _______________________________ & ___________________________________ entered an era of distrust & hostility known as the Cold War 2. B. The United States & Soviet Union were _______________________________ & rivals who dominated world politics Cold War Ideologies United States Capitalism • Private ownership of industry, freedom of competition, gov’t keeps hands off (laissez-faire) • Leads to different economic classes (rich and poor) Democracy • Government of the people • People elect their leaders Freedom • Valuing freedoms of speech, press, and business Individualism • People need to do things on their own • Competition is a good thing; The best individuals have more power, status, money Lette r? Soviet Union Socialism • Gov’t owns industries and farms; The goal of the gov’t is to bring equality to people • The goal is to have a classless society with no rich or poor Totalitarianism • Government led by a dictator • Total control over many aspects of peoples’ lives Equality • Valuing basic needs (food, homes jobs) for all people Collectivism • People need to work together to benefit everyone • Everyone works the same amount and every gains the same benefits Lette r? C. 1. This was an era of competing ideologies: the USA promoted ______________________ & _____________________ while the USSR tried to spread ________________________________ 2. The different ideologies between USA & USSR and their desires to ____________________________________ led to an era of _______________________, hostility, proxy battles, & near ______________________________________ Causes of the Cold War 1. In 1917, _________________ led the ___________________________________ in the Russian Revolution & created the world’s first communist gov’t 2. Distrust began when the USA sent troops to fight the “__________________________” during the Russian Civil War 3. After Lenin’s death in 1924, ____________________________ became ____________________ of the Soviet Union 4. During WWII, the USA & USSR worked together to defeat the _____________________________, but…World War II increased _______________________ between the USA and USSR a. Stalin never ________________________ the Britain or the USA during World War II b. The __________________________________________ gave the USA a monopoly on nuclear weapon technology III. The Cold War in Europe, 1945-1949 A. Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe 1. At the ________________ Conference, Stalin agreed to allow ____________________________________________ in Eastern Europe B. 2. But, Stalin wanted a “_________________________________” between the USSR & the ______________________ nations in Western Europe 3. Stalin used his military to install _________________________ gov’ts in _____________________ European nations 4. As a result, Eastern European nations turned communist & became _______________________________________: nations that were ________________________________ by the USSR 5. In the years after World War II, the USA began to view Stalin as a new ___________________—a dangerous dictator who wanted to _______________________________ the world By 1946, Europe was divided by an “____________________________________” that separated democratic/capitalist Western Europe from _________________________________/_______________________________ Eastern Europe C. The U.S. created a foreign policy called _______________________________________ to stop Soviet influence & the ___________________________________________________________ 1. Truman Doctrine a. When the USSR began to pressure _______________________ & ______________________ to turn communist, the U.S. created the _____________________________________, promising economic & __________________ help to any nation threatened by communism b. The Truman Doctrine __________________ & neither Greece nor Turkey fell to communism 2. Marshall Plan a. European nations had difficulty _____________________ after WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe b. The U.S. created the ___________________________________________ which offered $_______ billion to help ___________________________ post-war Europe c. By 1952, Western Europe _______________________________ & Communism never took root 3. NATO a. In 1948, the USSR used _________________________________________ to turn Czechoslovakia to communism; This led to fears that Stalin would use similar tactics in ________________________ Europe b. In 1949, the United States formed the _____________________________________________________________ (NATO): a ______________________________________ among democratic countries in Europe & North America 4. Berlin Airlift a. At the end of WWII, Germany was _______________ into zones occupied by the USA, Britain, France, & the USSR b. ________________, the German capital, was also divided but was located in the __________________________ c. In 1948, Stalin tried to turn all of Berlin communist & ordered the _______________________________________ which ___________________________ all ground transportation to West Berlin d. In response, the U.S. began the ________________________________________ i. For _______ months, U.S. & British ________________ supplies landed in Berlin to bring food, fuel, & supplies ii. Stalin admitted defeat & lifted the ________________________ in 1949 iii. The United States _________________________________________ kept West Berlin from turning communist D. The Cold War Expands 1. From 1945 to 1949, the United States successfully _____________________________________________ in Europe 2. But over the next 40 years, the Cold War ___________________________ as communism spread to ____________, Africa, and Latin America 3. The Cold War intensified as new ____________________________________________ were introduced; espionage (spying) increased; & _____________ broke out in ________________, _______________________, & Afghanistan