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THE COLD WAR Q.O.D. #1 3/23/10 Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. and USSR set up a “hotline” between Washington and Moscow. Why might Kennedy and Khrushchev have wanted to have a direct line of communication? Q.O.D. #1 3/23/10 Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. and USSR set up a “hotline” between Washington and Moscow. Why might Kennedy and Khrushchev have wanted to have a direct line of communication? Distrust between the two countries during the Cold War led to serious situations that could escalate to nuclear war (Cuban Missile Crisis) Avoid a serious, dangerous game of “telephone” – misinterpretations that happen when multiple people pass on messages SOVIET UNION Soviet people saw few benefits from WWII victory Unlike United States, Western Europe USSR devastated Stalin continued ruthless policies Filled labor camps with “enemies of the state” Died in 1953 COLD WAR Competition between two economic and political value systems USSR: Communism, Command economy USA: Democracy, Market economy SOVIET UNION Communism Form of socialism (people as a whole, not private individuals, own all property and businesses) State plans and controls economy, all goods equally shared by people SOVIET UNION Soviet Communism Government controlled many aspects of life Obedience, discipline, economic security Spread communist ideology around the world Command Economy Government makes most decisions Political reasons STALIN’S SUCCESSORS Nikita Khrushchev Followed Stalin’s death Publicly denounced Stalin’s abuse of power De-Stalinization Peaceful co-existence with West Leonid Brezhnev Reversed many of Krushchev’s reforms Economic problems, corruption ignored Peak of strategic relations with West RESISTANCE Andrey Sakharov Scientist Against nuclear proliferation Spoke out for civil liberties Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn *Wrote letter criticizing Stalin, sent to prison camp *Writer and historian, his writings told the world of the gulags RESISTANCE 1953 – East Berlin 1956 – Poland, Hungary 1968 – Alexander Dubcek, “Prague Spring” Leader of Czechoslovakia, sought to liberalize the country: “socialism with a human face” Reforms: greater freedom of expression, political parties Warsaw Pact forces invaded, Dubcek and leaders arrested Country gave in to Soviet demands UNITED STATES Democracy Citizens have freedom to make economic and political choices Market economy Producers and consumers make decisions Prices based on supply and demand Property is privately owned Competition UNITED STATES Basically a market economy, but government has economic role Mixed economy UNITED STATES Containment America’s policy toward communism Keeping communism from spreading Meant US would support any government from being invaded or taken over by communists Nuclear Fears Fallout Drills shelters UNITED STATES Red Scare Many Americans feared communists would undermine the U.S. government 1950: Sen. Joseph McCarthy led hunt for suspected communists McCarthyism: fear that developed during this time, from accusations of innocent people HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee Sought to expose communists in Hollywood