Download Unit 6 The Cold War (intro)

Unit 6 The Cold War (intro)
Name____________________________
Date ___________________
The Cold War (1945-1991)
I.
A.
The end of World War II led to important changes in the world:
The United Nations was created which replaced
____________________________________________
B. The UN created a Jewish nation called ________________________
which set off a series of wars with Arabs in the Middle East
C. The United States occupied & helped rebuild
_______________________
D. The end of the war inspired independence throughout Africa & Asia,
called __________________________________________________________
II. The Beginning of the Cold War
A. One of the most important changes after World War II was the
beginning of the ________________________________
1. From 1945 to 1991, the _______________________________ &
___________________________________ entered an era of distrust &
hostility known as the Cold War
2.
B.
The United States & Soviet Union were
_______________________________ & rivals who dominated world
politics
Cold War Ideologies
United States
Capitalism
• Private ownership of
industry, freedom of
competition, gov’t keeps
hands off (laissez-faire)
• Leads to different
economic classes (rich
and poor)
Democracy
• Government of the people
• People elect their
leaders
Freedom
• Valuing freedoms of
speech, press, and
business
Individualism
• People need to do things
on their own
• Competition is a good
thing; The best
individuals have more
power, status, money
Lette
r?
Soviet Union
Socialism
• Gov’t owns industries and
farms; The goal of the
gov’t is to bring equality
to people
• The goal is to have a
classless society with no
rich or poor
Totalitarianism
• Government led by a
dictator
• Total control over many
aspects of peoples’ lives
Equality
• Valuing basic needs (food,
homes jobs) for all people
Collectivism
• People need to work
together to benefit
everyone
• Everyone works the same
amount and every gains the
same benefits
Lette
r?
C.
1.
This was an era of competing ideologies: the USA promoted
______________________ & _____________________ while the USSR
tried to spread ________________________________
2.
The different ideologies between USA & USSR and their desires to
____________________________________ led to an era of
_______________________, hostility, proxy battles, & near
______________________________________
Causes of the Cold War
1. In 1917, _________________ led the
___________________________________ in the Russian Revolution &
created the world’s first communist gov’t
2.
Distrust began when the USA sent troops to fight the
“__________________________” during the Russian Civil War
3.
After Lenin’s death in 1924, ____________________________ became
____________________ of the Soviet Union
4.
During WWII, the USA & USSR worked together to defeat the
_____________________________, but…World War II increased
_______________________ between the USA and USSR
a.
Stalin never ________________________ the Britain or the USA
during World War II
b.
The __________________________________________ gave the USA a
monopoly on nuclear weapon technology
III. The Cold War in Europe, 1945-1949
A. Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe
1. At the ________________ Conference, Stalin agreed to allow
____________________________________________ in Eastern Europe
B.
2.
But, Stalin wanted a “_________________________________” between
the USSR & the ______________________ nations in Western Europe
3.
Stalin used his military to install _________________________
gov’ts in _____________________ European nations
4.
As a result, Eastern European nations turned communist & became
_______________________________________: nations that were
________________________________ by the USSR
5.
In the years after World War II, the USA began to view Stalin as
a new ___________________—a dangerous dictator who wanted to
_______________________________ the world
By 1946, Europe was divided by an
“____________________________________” that separated
democratic/capitalist Western Europe from
_________________________________/_______________________________
Eastern Europe
C.
The U.S. created a foreign policy called
_______________________________________ to stop Soviet influence &
the ___________________________________________________________
1. Truman Doctrine
a. When the USSR began to pressure _______________________ &
______________________ to turn communist, the U.S. created the
_____________________________________, promising economic &
__________________ help to any nation threatened by communism
b.
The Truman Doctrine __________________ & neither Greece nor
Turkey fell to communism
2. Marshall Plan
a. European nations had difficulty _____________________ after
WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe
b.
The U.S. created the
___________________________________________ which offered
$_______ billion to help ___________________________ post-war
Europe
c.
By 1952, Western Europe _______________________________ &
Communism never took root
3. NATO
a. In 1948, the USSR used
_________________________________________ to turn Czechoslovakia
to communism; This led to fears that Stalin would use similar
tactics in ________________________ Europe
b.
In 1949, the United States formed the
_____________________________________________________________
(NATO): a ______________________________________ among
democratic countries in Europe & North America
4. Berlin Airlift
a. At the end of WWII, Germany was _______________ into zones
occupied by the USA, Britain, France, & the USSR
b.
________________, the German capital, was also divided but was
located in the __________________________
c.
In 1948, Stalin tried to turn all of Berlin communist &
ordered the _______________________________________ which
___________________________ all ground transportation to West
Berlin
d.
In response, the U.S. began the
________________________________________
i.
For _______ months, U.S. & British ________________
supplies landed in Berlin to bring food, fuel, & supplies
ii.
Stalin admitted defeat & lifted the
________________________ in 1949
iii. The United States _________________________________________
kept West Berlin from turning communist
D.
The Cold War Expands
1. From 1945 to 1949, the United States successfully
_____________________________________________ in Europe
2.
But over the next 40 years, the Cold War
___________________________ as communism spread to ____________,
Africa, and Latin America
3.
The Cold War intensified as new
____________________________________________ were introduced;
espionage (spying) increased; & _____________ broke out in
________________, _______________________, & Afghanistan