Download AMENORRHEA Amenorrhea is the medical term for the absence of

AMENORRHEA
Amenorrhea is the medical term for the absence of menstrual periods, either on a permanent or temporary
basis. Amenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary. In primary amenorrhea, menstrual periods have
never begun (by age 16), whereas secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for
three consecutive cycles or a time period of more than six months in a woman who was previously
menstruating.
MENORRHAGIA
Menorrhagia, otherwise known as heavy menstrual periods, is described as heavy and prolonged
menstrual bleeding which disrupts a woman's normal activities
DYSMENORRHEA
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for the painful cramps that may occur immediately before or during
the menstrual period. There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary
dysmenorrhea.Primary dysmenorrhea is another name for common menstrual cramps.Cramps usually
begin one to two years after a woman starts getting her period.Secondary dysmenorrhea is pain caused
by a disorder in the woman's reproductive organs.
LEUCORRHOEA
Leucorrhoea is a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge.There are many causes of leukorrhea, the
usual one being estrogen imbalance. The amount of discharge may increase due to vaginal infection or
STDs, and also it may disappear and reappear from time to time, this discharge can keep occurring for
years in which case it becomes more yellow and foul-smelling; it is usually a non-pathological symptom
secondary to inflammatory conditions of vagina or cervix.
METRITIS
Metritis is inflammation of the wall of the uterus, while endometritis is inflammation of the functional
lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.The term pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is often used for
metritis.
MASTODYNIA
Pain in the breast. Also called mastalgia. Mastalgia (breast pain) is common and can be
localized or diffuse and unilateral or bilateral.
ABSCESS of BREAST
An abscess is a swollen area in the body that is filled with pus (liquid filled with dead white
blood cells). The swelling and pus are due to a local infection. Abscesses in the breast can
often occur in lactating women who are breastfeeding. A breast infection in a breastfeeding
woman is usually mastitis.
TUBO- OVARIAN ABSCESS
Tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA) are one of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID). It consists of an encapsulated or confined ‘pocket of pus’ with defined
boundaries that forms during an infection of a fallopian tube and ovary. These abscesses are
found most commonly in reproductive age women and typically result from upper genital tract
infection. It is an inflammatory mass involving the fallopian tube, ovary and, occasionally, other
adjacent pelvic organs. A TOA can also develop as a complication of a hysterectomy.
SALPINGITIS
Salpingitis is the inflammation of the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes extend from the
uterus, one on each side. Salpingitis is the inflammation of the fallopian tubes. The fallopian
tubes extend from the uterus, one on each side, and both open near an ovary.
When inflammation occurs, extra fluid secretion or pus collects inside the fallopian tube.
Infection of one fallopian tube usually leads to infection of the other. This occurs because
the bacteria migrate via the nearby lymph vessels.
Salpingitis is one of the most common causes of female infertility. If salpingitis is not
promptly treated, the infection may permanently damage the fallopian tube so that the eggs
released each menstrual cycle can't meet up with sperm.
Salpingitis is sometimes called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a
lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimplingof the skin, fluid coming from the nipple,
or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain,
swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. Breast cancer most commonly
develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk.
Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing
from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas.
CANCER OF UTERUS
Cancer of the womb (uterus) is a common cancer that affects the female reproductive system.
It's also called uterine cancer and endometrial cancer. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most
common symptom of womb cancer..
PROLAPSE OF UTERUS & VAGINA
The uterus and vagina are held in place by ligaments and muscles in the pelvis. If these
supporting structures become weakened or stretched, often as a result of childbirth, the
uterus and/or vaginal walls may be displaced downwards. This condition, called a
prolapse, usually occurs after the menopause, when low levels of the hormone oestrogen
lead to weakening of the ligaments. In this prolapse, the uterus is displaced, the bladder
bulges into the front vaginal wall (cystocele), and the rectum bulges into the back vaginal wall
(rectocele).In uterine prolapse, the uterus moves down into the vagina. The amount of movement
ranges from slight displacement into the vagina to projection of the uterus outside the vulva.
OVARIAN CYST
An ovarian cyst is any fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms.
Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. If the cyst
either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary, severe pain may occur. This may result in
vomiting or feeling faint. The majority of cysts are, however, harmless. Most ovarian cysts are
related to ovulation being either follicular cysts orcorpus luteum cysts. Other types include cysts
due to endometriosis, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas. Many small cysts occur in both
ovaries in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pelvic inflammatory disease may also result in cysts.
Rarely cysts may be a form of ovarian cancer.
Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous tumors arising from the
myometrium (smooth muscle layer) of the uterus. Other names for these tumors
include fibromyomas, fibromas, myofibromas, and myomas.
Fibroids are the most common solid pelvic tumors in women. The average affected
uterus has six to seven fibroids.
Fibroids are classified by their location in the uterus. Subserosal fibroids are located just
under the outer layer of the uterus. Intramural fibroids are found within the uterine
wall; they can distort the uterine cavity or the outer shape of the uterus. Submucous
fibroids are located in the uterine cavity. Ninety-five percent of fibroids are subserosal
and intramural, while the remaining five percent are submucousal.
Benign fibroids (uterine leiomyomas) rarely become malignant (leiomyosarcomas).
THYROID
GONORRHEA
Gonorrhea (also known as gonnococcal infection, gonococcal
urethritis,gonorrhoea, and the clap) is a sexually transmitted infection that is
caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The usual symptoms in men are
aburning sensation with urination and discharge from the penis. Women have no
symptoms about half the time or have vaginal discharge and pelvic pain. In both
men and women, if gonorrhea is left untreated, it may spread locally,
causing inflammation of the epididymis or pelvic inflammatory disease or throughout
the body, affecting joints and heart valves.
ALOPECIA AREATA
Alopecia areata (AA), also known as spot baldness, is an autoimmune disease in
which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, usually from the scalp due to
the body's failure to recognize its own body cells and destroys its own tissue as if it
were an invader.Often it causes bald spots on the scalp, especially in the first
stages. In 1–2% of cases, the condition can spread to the entire scalp (alopecia
totalis) or to the entire epidermis (alopecia universalis). Commonly, alopecia areata
involves hair loss in one or more round spots on the scalp.

Hair may also be lost more diffusely over the whole scalp, in which case the
condition is called diffuse alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata monolocularis describes baldness in only one spot. It may
occur anywhere on the head.

Alopecia areata multilocularis refers to multiple areas of hair loss.

Ophiasis refers to hair loss in the shape of a wave at the circumference of
the head.

The disease may be limited only to the beard, in which case it is
called alopecia areata barbae.

If the patient loses all the hair on the scalp, the disease is then
called alopecia totalis.
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If all body hair, including pubic hair, is lost, the diagnosis then
becomes alopecia universalis.
Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are rare.