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Social Studies 30-2
Name:______________________________
Related Issue 2: Is Resistance to Liberalism Justified?
Challenges to Liberalism
Score:_______________
Understanding Ideologies
Chapter 8: Ideologies in Conflict: The
Cold War
To what extent can ideological conflict influence international relations?
Reading Guide Questions Part I (pages 184 - 197)
1. Definitions. Use the glossary to complete definitions for the following terms:
A. Ideological conflict
B. Cold War
C. Spheres of influence
D. Expansionism
E. Containment
F. Truman Doctrine
G. Brinksmanship
H. Proxy War
2. Why was the 1972 Summit Series Hockey games between Canada and the Soviet
Union more than a popular competition between well-matched teams? (p. 185)
3. a) During the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union put aside
their differences to face their common enemy, _____________ __________________.
(p. 185)
b) When the war ended, however, they returned to their __________________ conflict:
_______________ ________________ democracy versus ______________________.
c) Both countries went to amazing and sometimes scary lengths to _____________ and
___________________ their ideologies.
4. Of all the countries involved in World War II, most had lost power, but the United
Sates and the Soviet Union had gained power and became known as the two what?
(p. 187)
5. a) At the same time (Spring and Summer of 1945) that the United States and Britain
were expressing openly anti-communist views, what had the Soviet Union been doing?
(p. 188)
b) What did Stalin not want to give up?
6. What do many historians see as the beginning of the Cold War? (p. 188)
7. a) Countries that had been liberated from the Nazis by the Western Allies fell under
who’s sphere of influence? (p. 189)
b) Countries that had been liberated from the Nazis by the Soviet Red Army fell under
who’s sphere of influence?
8. Stalin justified the expansion of the Soviet sphere of influence with two historical and
geographical reasons. Briefly explain each. (why did he want this?) (p. 189)
a) Wanted to keep Germany divided and weak.
b) Wanted to create a buffer zone which would include Finland, Poland, and Romania .
9. Rather than resorting to a “hot war” involving direct armed conflict, how did the
United Sates under Truman intend to fight its ideological conflict with the Soviet Union?
(p. 190)
10. a) What was the first example of the “Truman Doctrine” in practice in 1947? (p. 190)
b) How did this policy reflect the idea of containment?
c) This policy was later expanded to support other kind of countries that the United States
felt were being threatened by what?
11. What was the goal of the $13 billion Marshall Plan that was announced in 1947? (p.
190)
12. The United States understood that if European countries became prosperous again,
then what would be less likely to happen? (p. 190)
13. In the international ideological conflict of the Cold War, countries often felt that they
had to choose one of two sides. What were the two sides they felt they had to choose
from? (p. 191)
14. List the three basic reasons that some countries felt they had to join alliances for:
(p. 191)
15. Stalin used history and geography to justify expansion of the Soviet sphere of
influence. What comparison between the Soviet Union and the U.S. and Britain about
the number of people killed in the war did Stalin make? (p. 192)
16. a) What was NATO and what was its purpose? (p. 193)
b) Initially who did NATO include? (pp. 193- 194)
17. What alliance was created by the Soviet Union and its satellites as a response to
NATO? (p. 194)
18. Study Figure 8-9 on page 197. The figure identifies, briefly explains and gives
examples of ten different methods used by governments during the ideological conflict of
the Cold War. List the ten methods.
Social Studies 30-2
Name:______________________________
Related Issue 2: Is Resistance to Liberalism Justified?
Challenges to Liberalism
Score:_______________
Understanding Ideologies
Chapter 8: Ideologies in Conflict: The
Cold War II
To what extent can ideological conflict influence international relations?
Reading Guide Questions Part II (pages 198 - 215)
1. Definitions. Use the glossary to complete definitions for the following terms:
A. Deterrence
B. Pro-democracy movements
C. Détente
D. Collective Security
E. Liberation movements
F. Non-alignment
2. What kind of wars were prestige wars? (p. 198)
3. By 1949 the governments of the world new that a hot war between the superpowers
could do what? (p. 199)
4. Throughout the Cold War, deterrence was deterrence was defined as what belief?
(p. 199)
5. What was the term for this situation of an unwinnable nuclear war? (p. 199)
6. What has the tactic of brinksmanship been compared to? (p. 200)
7. What was the most famous case of brinksmanship? (p. 200)
8. From the perspective of the United States, what was unacceptable so close to
American shores? (p. 202)
9. Explain what the “Bay of Pigs” invasion was about? (p. 202)
10. a) What did a U2 spy plane flight over Cuba in October 1962 revel? (p. 202)
b) What did President Kennedy order in response to this? (202)
11. In order for the Soviets to remove their missiles from Cuba, the United Sates had to
promise to do what two things? (p. 203)
12. What did U.S. secretary of state Dean Rusk say when the Soviet ships turned around?
(p. 203)
13. a) Why was Canada seen to be in the American sphere of influence? (p. 203)
b) Compare the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba to the relationship between
Canada and Cuba.
14. a) What happened on June 25, 1950? (p. 204)
b) What did the United States and 15 other United Nations member countries,
including Canada, do in response?
15. What did China do in late October of 1950 in response to U.N. forces crossing over
the 38th parallel? (p. 204)
16. What finally happened on July 27, 1953? (p. 204)
17. According to your textbook, how was the Vietnam War similar to the Korean War?
(p. 204)
18. How many Vietnamese civilians and how many U.S. soldiers died during the
Vietnam War? (p. 205)
19. List four factors that caused American forces to leave Vietnam in 1973? (p. 205)
20. What happened in Vietnam in 1975 and 1976? (p. 205)
21. What conflict was the Soviet Union involved in that had many similarities to the
American involvement in Vietnam? (p. 205)
22. Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan in 1979? (p. 205)
23. What was the American government involvement in this conflict? (p. 205)
24. How did the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics get involved in this conflict? (What
did the U.S. and its allies, including Canada do?) (p. 205)
25. When did the Soviet Union finally retreat from Afghanistan? (p. 206)
26. a) What was “ping-pong diplomacy”? (p. 209)
b) What was the result of the successful ping-pong diplomacy?
27. a) In 1956, a new government was formed in Hungary. What did this new
government declare its intention to do? (p. 209)
b) In response to this the Soviet Union invaded Hungary. How many casualties and
deaths did the Hungarians suffer?
c) How many Hungarians fled the country?
28. Why did the Soviets crush the liberation movement in Hungary? (p. 209)
29. What speech is considered a key moment of the Cold War? Why? (pp.210 - 211)
30. a) What happened in 1989? (p. 211)
b) What did this signify for many?
31. What happened in 1991? (p. 211)
32. What was motivating the Soviet Union to seek better relations with the United States
and reduce tensions in the Cold War? (p. 211)
33. a) What was this period of reducing tensions that took place form the mid-1960’s to
1979 called? (p. 211)
b) What did leaders of the superpowers do at this time to try to reduce Cold War
tensions?
34. a) What does SALT stand for? (p. 212)
b) What did this treaty do?
35. What ended the period of détente in 1979? (p. 212)
36. Who was elected American President in 1981? (p. 212)
37. Who became the Soviet Premier in 1985? (p. 212)
38. According to the caption in Figure 8-23 on page 213, what helped end the Cold War?