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Social Studies 30-1
Chapter 7 – Pages 232-271
Challenges to Liberalism Related to Foreign Policy
1. Define the key terms on page 232.
2. What was the iron curtain? Who coined the term? How was the curtain
interpreted by the Americans? The Soviets?
3. Read Winston Churchill’s speech on page 233. What does Churchill mean by
Soviet sphere? What are the implications of the iron curtain to the safety of
Europe and the rest of the world?
4. What was the key principle of the Atlantic Charter? What role did the Big Three
nations play in implementing the Charter?
5. Give three examples of events, agreements or conflicts that resulted in the
growing tensions among the United States and the Soviet Union.
6. Explain the decisions that were made at Postdam.
7. Define spheres of influence.
8. What were Stalin’s reasons for postwar Soviet expansion?
9. How did the United States frame their expansionism? Describe the Truman
Doctrine of 1947.
10. How could the competing viewpoints of Stalin, Novikov, and Truman and the
superpowers competing ideologies create tension in international relations?
11. Define hot war.
12. Describe the Marshall Plan. Why did the Soviet satellite states reject the Marshall
Plan? What ‘strings’ were attached to the Plan? What was the Soviet alternative?
What did it involve?
13. What happened in Berlin between June 24, 1948 and May 12, 1949?
14. How did this event lead to the building of the Berlin Wall? From the perspective
of the Western powers, what was the main purpose of the Wall? What was the
perspective of the Eastern German government?
15. What happened in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956? How did it end?
16. What happened in Prague in the spring of 1968? How did it end?
17. Why was Yugoslavia under Josip Tito able to distance itself from the Soviet
Union where other nations could not?
18. What was the significance of the Bandung Conference?
19. Define mutually assured destruction (MAD). What are WMDs?
20. What is NATO? How as peacekeeping a Canadian idea? Where was it first
used?
21. Why do you think France thought it necessary to develop nuclear weapons as part
of its foreign policy?
22. Explain why the Cuban Missile Crisis is a classic example of brinkmanship.
23. What happened at the Bay of Pigs? Why was it a failure?
24. Explain the quote, “We were eyeball to eyeball, and the other fellow just blinked”
as it relates to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
25. What were the reasons why the two superpowers wanted to ease tensions in the
world?
26. Explain American and Soviet involvement in:
a. Korea in 1945
b. Vietnam in 1954
c. Chile in 1970
d. Afghanistan in 1979
27. Describe reasons for the Cold War hysteria that griped the world in the late 1940s,
1950s, and 1960s.
28. Why was espionage used so extensively during the Cold War?
29. What effects might McCarthyism have had on liberalism in the United States?