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Bio I
Cellular resp. / photosynthesis review
1. Define the following terms
a. Cellular respiration
b. Mitochondrial matrix
c. Glycolysis
d. Fermentation
e. Lactic acid fermentation
f. Alcoholic fermentation
g. Aerobic respiration
h. Anaerobic respiration
i. Krebs cycle
j. FAD
k. NAD+
l. Photosynthesis
m. Autotrophs
n. Heterotrophs
o. chemiosmosis
p. ETC
q. thylakoids
r. grana
s. stroma
t. chlorophyll
u. chemoautotroph
Multiple Choice. Circle the answer that best completes the following.
1. Glycolysis takes place
a. in the cytoplasm
c. only if oxygen is present
b. in the mitochondria
d. only if oxygen is absent
2. During glycolysis, glucose is
a.
b.
c.
d.
produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid.
converted into 2 molecules of ATP.
partially broken down and some of its stored energy is released.
partially broken down and its stored energy is increased.
3. Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation produce
a. 2-carbon molecule from a six carbon molecule
c. ATP from ADP phosphate
b. CO2 from 3-carbon molecule
d. NAD+ from NADH and H+
4. The breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix for further breakdown is
a. acetyl CoA
b. pyruvate
c. oxaloacetate
d. citrate
5. The starting substance of Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the END of the cycle is
a. acetyl CoA
b. pyruvate
c. oxaloacetate
d. citrate
6. The electron transport chain of aerobic respiration
a. generates O2 from H2O
c. pumps electrons into the mitochondrial matrix
b. produces NADH by chemiosmosis
d. pumps protons into the inner mitochondrial space
7. The maximum efficiency of aerobic respiration is approximately
a. .39%
b. 3.9 %
c. 39%
d. 390 %
8. Which of the following must pyruvate be converted into before the Krebs cycle can proceed?
a. NADH
b. glucose
c. citrate
d. acetyl Co-A
9. Which of the following occurs in lactic acid fermentation?
a. oxygen is consumed
c. NAD+ is generated for use in glycolysis
b. lactic acid converted into pyruvic acid
d. electrons pass through the ETC
10. Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
a. CO2
b. ATP
c. FADH2
d. ethyl alcohol
11. ATP is synthesized in chemiosmosis when which of the following moves across the inner mitochondrial
membrane?
a. NADH
b. oxygen
c. protons
d. citric acid
12. The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to
a. break down glucose
c. pump H+ through a membrane
b. make NADH and FADH
d. ionize water
True and False. Place T for true statements. If the statement is false, replace the underline word or phrase.
_______________ 1. ADP is dephosphorylated into ATP.
_______________2. A molecule is reduced when it gains a hydrogen.
_______________3. Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration comes from glycolysis.
_______________4. The ATP synthase in human cells gets energy for making ATP directly from the flow of
H+ down a concentration gradient.
_______________5. Most NADH that are delivered to the ETC come from glycolysis.
_______________6. The total amount of ATP produced by the breakdown of a molecule of glucose is 20.
_______________7. The final electron receptor in the ETC is hydrogen.
_______________8. The ETC occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
_______________9. Glucose is the organic molecule of choice for cellular respiration.
_______________10. The type of chemical reaction that frequently occurs during cellular respiration is called
an stoichiometry.
_______________11. The main function of cellular respiration is the make ATP that powers cells activities.
_______________12. Stacks of thylakoids in a chloroplasts are called grana.
_______________13. In photosynthesis, sugar is made in the light cycle.
_______________14.
Match each of the phrases below with one of the three stages of cellular respiration. Use G for glycolysis, CA
for citric acid cycle and E for ETC.
_______________1. Generates most of the ATP formed by cellular respiration.
_______________2. Occurs outside the mitochondrion.
_______________3. Produces 4 ATP’s per glucose molecule.
_______________4. Oxidizes NADH and FADH producing NAD+ and FAD
_______________5. Carried out by enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria.
_______________6. Here electrons and hydrogen combine with O2 to form H2O
_______________7. Generates most of the CO2 produced by cellular respiration.
_______________8. FADH and NADH deliver high-energy electrons to this stage.
_______________9. ATP synthase makes ATP
_______________10. Reduces NAD+ and FAD, producing NADH and FADH
_______________11. Produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
_______________12. Reduces 6 carbon molecule down to a 4 carbon molecule called oxaloacetate.
Fill in the following table per one molecule of glucose.
Cycle
Glycolysis
Krebs
Products
ATP produced
ETC
Explain AND fill in the diagrams below.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Fill in the blanks. Complete the sentences below using terms or phrases.
Right now, you are breathing at a steady rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Breathing or
___________________, is necessary for life but why? Breathing allows the body to take in
___________________ and expel waste called ___________________. Your breathing is closely related to
___________________, the aerobic harvest of energy in food molecules by cells. Most of the time, most cells
acquire energy by takin in both ___________________ and ___________________ from the blood. These two
substances interact, the glucose is broken apart and ___________________ and ___________________ are
produced. In the process, some of the energy is stored in molecules of ___________________ , which provide
the energy for body activities.
So your cells use sugar and oxygen to get energy to make ATP. But where do the sugar and oxygen
come from? Ultimately, all energy used by living things comes from the ___________________. Through the
process of ___________________, plants, algae and some bacteria convert light energy into
___________________ energy by making sugar. An ___________________ uses photosynthesis to rearrange
the atoms in ___________________and ___________________ to make ___________________ and oxygen.
When using oxygen, your cells are said to function ___________________. Cells making ATP this way
capture about ___________________ of the energy in glucose. For short bursts, cells can make ATP
___________________-that is, without using oxygen. This process is much less efficient, but useful during
intense bursts of activity.
Muscles contain a mixture of two kinds of cells, or fibers, specialized either for aerobic (slow fibers) or
anaerobic (fast fibers) ATP production. ___________________ fibers can sustain repeated long contractions, by
continuously producing ATP via ___________________ cellular respiration. They have many
___________________, the structures where aerobic ATP breakdown occurs. The ___________________
meat of a turkey leg consists mostly of myoglobin (hemoglobin in the muscles) rich slow muscle fibers. The
white meat of a turkey breast on the other hand consists of ___________________ muscle fibers, which are
specialized for quick, powerful bursts of flight.. These fibers are ___________________ and are more
powerful than slow fibers, having less ___________________ and ___________________ than slow fibers.
During intense activity, when the blood cannot deliver oxygen fast enough for aerobic cellular
respiration, fast fibers can function anaerobically, making small amounts of ATP without oxygen. They don’t
completely break down ___________________ and therefore do not capture all its energy, and instead produce
CO2 they make ___________________ which makes muscles ___________________ and fatigue. This is why
___________________ fibers are best at producing short bursts of power.
Human muscles contain both kinds of fibers. Their proportions vary from muscle to muscle and person to
person. A runner whose leg muscles are primarily composed of ___________________ fibers would be more
likely to excel in distance events, while an individual with an abundance of ___________________ fibers
would be a better sprinter.
Short Answers
1. Why are fermentation pathways referred to as “anaerobic pathways”?
2. Explain the 2 fermentation pathways and what organisms use these pathways.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related?
Explain the relationship between eating, breathing and cellular respiration.
Explain the light and dark reaction of photosynthesis.
Explain 3 similarities and 3 differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Concept Map
Create a concept map for the following terms
Cellular respiration
Glucose
Glycolysis
pyruvic acid
acetyl CO-A
aerobic
anaerobic
fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
alcoholic fermentation
krebs cycle
ETC