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Chapter 17 Review Circulatory and Respiratory System Define the structures in the heart. Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood through system of blood vessels Pericardium: saclike membrane surrounding the heart Septum: wall vertically dividing the heart 1 Atrium: upper chamber Ventricle: lower chamber (4 chambers: short answerright, left atrium and right, left ventricle) Atrioventricular valves: separates atrium from ventricle Semilunar valves: separates ventricle from vessels 2 List the path that blood takes through the heart. (Short answer-write out) Superior and Inferior vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta 3 Name the type of blood on the right and left side of the heart. (short answer) Right side: deoxygenated blood (low amount of oxygen and high amount of carbon dioxide) Left side: oxygenated blood (high amount of oxygen) Explain how the heartbeat is controlled. Sinoatrial node (SA): group of heart muscle cells that initiate their own electrical 4 impulse and contract causing the neighboring atrium cells to contract Pacemaker Located in atrium Atrioventricular node (AV): receives impulse from SA and causes the muscle cells of the ventricle to contract 5 Name and describe the types of blood vessels. Arteries: large muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart Capillaries: tiny vessels that go to individual cells where materials are exchanged Veins: large blood vessels that carry blood to the heart 6 Explain blood pressure. Blood pressure: force that blood exerts against walls of blood vessels Systolic pressure: pressure when ventricles contract Diastolic pressure: pressure when ventricles relax Blood pressure given in two numbers: 110/70 with 110 being systolic and 70 being diastolic 7 Explain the function and parts of the lymphatic system. (short answer) Lymphatic system: returns fluids that leaked from the blood and filters foreign particles Lymph: excess fluid in tissues Lymph vessels: vessels that collect lymph Lymph nodes: filter lymph 8 Define blood and what makes up the blood. Blood: liquid and solids 4-5 Liters in body Plasma: liquid part made up of water, vitamins, minerals, hormones, and waste products (Short answer) 1.Red blood cells: transports oxygen to cells Hemoglobin: iron containing protein in red 9 blood cells that transports oxygen (short answer) 2.White blood cells: help defend the body against disease 3.Platelets: fragments of cells that help in formation of blood clots Explain the different types of blood. Blood type: determined by the type of antigen present on 10 the red blood cell (Type A, B, AB, and O) (Short answer) Antigen: protein or carbohydrate that acts as a signal enabling the body to recognize foreign substances A blood = A antigen and anti-B antibodies B blood = B antigen and antiA antibodies AB blood = A and B antigens O blood = A and B antibodies 11 Rh system: antigen is either present (+) or absent (-) Label diagram of the heart. Explain the function of the lungs. Lungs: site of gas exchange between atmosphere and blood surrounded by membrane called pleura 12 List the parts of the body that air passes through on the way to the lungs. (Short answer) Mouth and nose: filters, moistens, and warms the air Pharynx: tube at back of nasal cavities Epiglottis: flap of cartilage that covers air passage Trachea: air passageway that traps particles 13 Larynx: upper end of trachea that contains vocal cords Bronchi: two branches off the trachea that lead to the lungs Bronchioles: smaller tubes into the lungs Alveoli: clusters of tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries 14 Explain how gas is exchanged in the lungs Oxygen crosses the alveolar membranes and capillary walls into the blood Carbon dioxide crosses the capillary walls and alveolar membranes and enters the alveoli 15 Explain the process of breathing. Breathing: process of moving air into and out of the lungs Inspiration: inhaling (Short answer) Diaphragm contracts and pushes down Volume in chest cavity expands and air pressure is lower Air rushes into lungs 16 Expiration: exhaling Diaphragm relaxes Volume in chest cavity decreases and air pressure is higher Air rushes out 17