Download Chapter 17 Review

Chapter 17 Review
Circulatory and Respiratory System
Define the structures in the heart.
Heart:
Pericardium: saclike membrane surrounding the heart
Septum:
Atrium:
Ventricle:
Atrioventricular valves: separates atrium from ventricle
Semilunar valves:
List the path that blood takes through the heart.
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Name the type of blood on the right and left side of the heart.
Right side:
Left side:
Explain how the heartbeat is controlled.
Sinoatrial node (SA): group of heart muscle cells that initiate their own
electrical impulse and contract causing the neighboring atrium cells to
contract
1
 Pacemaker
 Located in atrium
Atrioventricular node (AV):
Name and describe the types of blood vessels.
Arteries:
Capillaries: tiny vessels that go to individual cells where materials are
exchanged
Veins:
Explain blood pressure.
Blood pressure:
Systolic pressure:
Diastolic pressure:
Blood pressure given in two numbers: 110/70 with 110 being systolic and 70
being diastolic
Explain the function and parts of the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic system: returns fluids that leaked from the blood and filters
foreign particles
Lymph:
Lymph vessels:
Lymph nodes:
Define blood and what makes up the blood.
Blood:
Plasma: liquid medium made up of water, vitamins, minerals, hormones,
and waste products
2
1. Red blood cells:
 Hemoglobin: iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports
oxygen
2. White blood cells:
3. Platelets:
Explain the different types of blood.
Blood type: determined by the type of antigen present on the red blood cell
(Type A, B, AB, and O)
Antigen: protein or carbohydrate that acts as a signal enabling the body to
recognize foreign substances
A blood = A antigen and B antibodies
B blood = B antigen and A antibodies
AB blood = A and B antigens
O blood = A and B antibodies
Rh system:
Label the structures of the heart.
Explain the function of the lungs.
Lungs:
List the parts of the body that air passes through on the way to the
lungs.
Mouth and nose: filters, moistens, and warms the air
Pharynx:
Epiglottis: flap of cartilage that covers air passage
Trachea:
Larynx: upper end of trachea that contains vocal cords
3
Bronchi:
Bronchioles: smaller tubes into the lungs
Alveoli:
Explain how gas is exchanged in the lungs
 Oxygen crosses the alveolar membranes and capillary walls into the
blood
 Carbon dioxide crosses the capillary walls and alveolar membranes
and enters the alveoli
Explain the process of breathing.
Breathing:
Inspiration:
 Diaphragm contracts and pushes down
 Volume in chest cavity expands and air pressure is lower
 Air rushes into lungs
Expiration:
 Diaphragm relaxes
 Volume in chest cavity decreases and air pressure is higher
 Air rushes out
4