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Chapter 17 Review
Circulatory and
Respiratory System
Define the structures in the
heart.
Heart: muscular organ that
pumps blood through system
of blood vessels
Pericardium: saclike
membrane surrounding the
heart
Septum: wall vertically
dividing the heart
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Atrium: upper chamber
Ventricle: lower chamber
(4 chambers: short answerright, left atrium and right,
left ventricle)
Atrioventricular valves:
separates atrium from
ventricle
Semilunar valves: separates
ventricle from vessels
2
List the path that blood
takes through the heart.
(Short answer-write out)
Superior and Inferior vena
cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
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Name the type of blood on
the right and left side of the
heart. (short answer)
Right side: deoxygenated
blood (low amount of oxygen
and high amount of carbon
dioxide)
Left side: oxygenated blood
(high amount of oxygen)
Explain how the heartbeat
is controlled.
Sinoatrial node (SA): group
of heart muscle cells that
initiate their own electrical
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impulse and contract causing
the neighboring atrium cells
to contract
 Pacemaker
 Located in atrium
Atrioventricular node (AV):
receives impulse from SA
and causes the muscle cells
of the ventricle to contract
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Name and describe the
types of blood vessels.
Arteries: large muscular
vessels that carry blood away
from the heart
Capillaries: tiny vessels that
go to individual cells where
materials are exchanged
Veins: large blood vessels
that carry blood to the heart
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Explain blood pressure.
Blood pressure: force that
blood exerts against walls of
blood vessels
Systolic pressure: pressure
when ventricles contract
Diastolic pressure: pressure
when ventricles relax
Blood pressure given in two
numbers: 110/70 with 110
being systolic and 70 being
diastolic
7
Explain the function and
parts of the lymphatic
system. (short answer)
Lymphatic system: returns
fluids that leaked from the
blood and filters foreign
particles
Lymph: excess fluid in
tissues
Lymph vessels: vessels that
collect lymph
Lymph nodes: filter lymph
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Define blood and what
makes up the blood.
Blood: liquid and solids 4-5
Liters in body
Plasma: liquid part made up
of water, vitamins, minerals,
hormones, and waste
products
(Short answer)
1.Red blood cells: transports
oxygen to cells
 Hemoglobin: iron
containing protein in red
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blood cells that transports
oxygen (short answer)
2.White blood cells: help
defend the body against
disease
3.Platelets: fragments of
cells that help in formation of
blood clots
Explain the different types
of blood.
Blood type: determined by
the type of antigen present on
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the red blood cell (Type A, B,
AB, and O) (Short answer)
Antigen: protein or
carbohydrate that acts as a
signal enabling the body to
recognize foreign substances
A blood = A antigen and
anti-B antibodies
B blood = B antigen and antiA antibodies
AB blood = A and B antigens
O blood = A and B
antibodies
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Rh system: antigen is either
present (+) or absent (-)
Label diagram of the heart.
Explain the function of the
lungs.
Lungs: site of gas exchange
between atmosphere and
blood surrounded by
membrane called pleura
12
List the parts of the body
that air passes through on
the way to the lungs. (Short
answer)
Mouth and nose: filters,
moistens, and warms the air
Pharynx: tube at back of
nasal cavities
Epiglottis: flap of cartilage
that covers air passage
Trachea: air passageway that
traps particles
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Larynx: upper end of trachea
that contains vocal cords
Bronchi: two branches off
the trachea that lead to the
lungs
Bronchioles: smaller tubes
into the lungs
Alveoli: clusters of tiny air
sacs surrounded by
capillaries
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Explain how gas is
exchanged in the lungs
 Oxygen crosses the
alveolar membranes and
capillary walls into the
blood
 Carbon dioxide crosses the
capillary walls and
alveolar membranes and
enters the alveoli
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Explain the process of
breathing.
Breathing: process of
moving air into and out of the
lungs
Inspiration: inhaling (Short
answer)
 Diaphragm contracts and
pushes down
 Volume in chest cavity
expands and air pressure is
lower
 Air rushes into lungs
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Expiration: exhaling
 Diaphragm relaxes
 Volume in chest cavity
decreases and air pressure
is higher
 Air rushes out
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