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The Economy: two years of negative growth, following a four-year stagnation, ended an earlier promising era. GDP per capita, NIS thousands, (1995 prices) 50 53 50 51 51 51 49 50 46 44 42 44 42 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Declining Economy chart 1 Unemployment: after declining, despite mass immigration, unemployment is once again rising. % unemployed Declining Economy chart 2 Unemployment by Region: periphery towns suffer more unemployment than the center. % unemployed Jerusalem North Haifa Central Tel-Aviv South Declining Economy chart 3 Standard of Living - Public Opinion: Has your standard of living changed in the last 2-3 years? The majority feel a decline in their standard of living. Improved % Worsened % No change % Declining Economy chart 4 Income Needs - Public Opinion: Does your income meet your basic needs? One third feel barely able to meet their needs. % % % No difficulty Reasonably well Hardly Declining Economy chart 5 Gross Domestic Product: while lagging behind more developed countries as measured in per capita terms, Israeli ranking rises when examined per employee. Per capita Per employed person US Ireland Germany Netherlands Israel Switzerland Spain Sweden UK Japan Greece Portugal US Switzerland Netherlands Ireland Japan Germany Sweden UK Israel Spain Portugal Greece 10 15 20 25 30 35 70 60 50 40 30 US$, thousands The Positive Side chart 6 Exports: the past 20 years have seen a major shift from conventional industries to electronics. % of total exports Electronics Chemical products Textiles 1980 Agriculture 2002 Diamonds 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 The Positive Side 35 chart 7 Information Technology: Israel has a high proportion of ICT in its business sector. Employment share is lower but still relatively high. % in Employment % in Value-Added Finland France Sweden Ireland UK Japan Israel Belgium Hungary US S.Korea Portugal Mexico Ireland Israel Finland S.Korea Sweden US Hungary UK France Japan Portugal Belgium Mexico 3 6 9 12 15 18 10 8 6 4 The Positive Side 2 0 chart 8 Occupational Structure: reflects reliance on academic and professional employment. Sales and service workers 18% Unskilled workers 8% Skilled workers 21% Academic, professionals, technicians and managers 36% Clerical workers 17% The Positive Side chart 9 Income Distribution: those in the lowest decile earn as little as 1/5 of those in the highest decile. Index, upper decile of income = 100 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Upper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Lower Deciles of income per standard person Income Distribution chart 10 Durable Goods Ownership: the lowest decile lags behind in access to computer technology and transportation. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 % of total in each decile Microwave Upper VCR 7 Internet 4 Lower Cellular Phone Income Distribution Car chart 11 Families in Poverty: families living below the poverty line have leveled off at the high level of 16-17%. 20 % of families below poverty line 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Income Distribution 2000 chart 12 Real Wages: a trend of rising real average wages has abruptly reversed. 130 Index 1994=100 120 110 100 90 80 70 Income Distribution 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 60 chart 13 Security - Public Opinion: Does the security situation influence your daily life? Over 50% feel a great impact. % of respondents very much somewhat a little not at all 0 10 20 30 40 50 Social Tensions 60 chart 14 Violent Crime: the rate of violent crime doubled in the 90s; a major part, attributable to domestic violence. per 1000 population 6 5 4 3 2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Social Tensions chart 15 Road Accidents: Israel has almost the highest number of road accident victims of all Western countries. 1,200 per 100,000 population 1,000 800 600 400 200 Denmark Finland Turkey Poland Sweden Hungary Norway France Greece Ireland Spain Switzerland Italy UK Germany Austria Portugal Belgium Canada Israel US 0 Social Tensions chart 16 Tolerance - Public Opinion: Is Israeli society tolerant of national, ethnic, or religious groups? The public perceives Israeli society as largely intolerant. very much 11% not at all or hardly 65% somewhat 24% Social Tensions chart 17 Foreign Workers: since the mid-90s, Palestinian laborers have been largely replaced by foreign workers. % of civilian labor force 10 8 6 4 2 Foreign workers 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 0 Palestinian workers Social Tensions chart 18 Foreign Workers - Public Opinion: How should the government relate to foreign workers? Almost half think they should be prevented from entering and deported. 18% 46% 36% ban entry and deport ban entry, allow those here to stay improve conditions Social Tensions chart 19 Government Outlays: social services are the largest component of the government budget. Total budget – US$ 60 billion Debt servicing 29% Other 15% Social services 41% Defense 15% Restrained Budget chart 20 Government Expenditure: stability following decline of government outlays from almost 60% of GDP to near 40%. 60 Total budget, excl. debt servicing 50 other 40 30 defense 20 10 social services 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 Restrained Budget 2000 2002 chart 21 In-Kind Social Services: after a short spurt in the early 90s, a moderate downward trend may be observed in education, health and welfare expenditures. 18 % of GDP 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Restrained Budget chart 22 Unemployment Benefits: rising unemployment has led to a rapid increase in the number of people receiving unemployment and income support benefits. 270 thousands 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Unemployment Income Support Restrained Budget chart 23 Budget Cuts - Public Opinion: To what extent do budget cuts hurt social services? Most people say it has had a harmful effect. 67% 24% 9% very much somewhat very little Restrained Budget chart 24 Social Gaps - Public Opinion: How does the budget affect socio-economic disparities? The public feels government policy has widened social gaps. widens disparities has no influence narrows disparities 71% 13% 16% Restrained Budget chart 25 University Enrollment: since reaching parity in 1985, more women now enroll in university than men. 14 Enrolled as % of age group (20-29) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1965 1975 1996 1985 Women Men 2001 Service development chart 26 Turkey Portugal Hungary Italy Poland Austria Greece Spain France Switzerland UK Netherlands Denmark Australia Norway Germany Sweden Finland Japan New Zealand US Israel Canada Higher Education: over 40% of Israeli adults (age 25-64) have a post-secondary education. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Service development chart 27 Education and Disparities - Public Opinion: Does the education system narrow social disparities? Only a minority see the education system as reducing disparities. widens disparities 26% 35% no influence narrows disparities 20 39% 24 28 32 36 Service development 40 chart 28 US Switzerland Germany Luxembourg Canada Denmark France Belgium Norway Netherlands Australia Austria Italy Japan Ireland UK Sweden Israel Finland Spain Portugal Greece Czech Republic South Korea Hungary National Health Expenditure: per capita expenditure is lower than in most Western countries. US$ 4,500 3,500 2,500 1,500 500 Service development chart 29 Government Health Expenditure: expenditures failed to keep pace with population growth; per capita rates have declined to the level of the early 90s. Index: 1980=100 105 100 95 90 85 80 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Service development chart 30 Health Care - Public Opinion: Do all enjoy the same level of health care? 80% feel that everyone does not receive equal treatment. large differences small differences equal care 56% 26% 18% Service development chart 31 Long-Term Care: The number receiving long-term care benefits increased dramatically. % of population aged 65+ 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 1995 2001 Service development chart 32