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Arnoldi Chemistry Final Review Introductory Unit 1. Density (Ch 1 and 3) = Mass Volume a. Calculate the density of an object measuring 6.23 cm X 5.00 cm X 3.56 cm and having a mass of 362.1 grams. b. The density of an unknown object is 1.32 g/mL. What is the volume, if the mass of the object is 13.0 g? 2. Remember, when using a measurement device, estimate one place further than the device measures. What is the volume of this liquid? 30 mL __ 20 mL __ 10 mL __ 3. What is being measured? Mass Length Time Liquid Volume Temperature EXAMPLE: International System Unit Measurement Device What is the Kelvin temperature equivalent to 30’C? 4. Prefix Abbreviation Relationship to Base Unit Kilo Deci Centi Milli EXAMPLE: Rank the following from largest to smallest. 10.0 m 5. Percent Error 216.50 cm = Actual – Theoretical Theoretical 0.0445 km X 0.14 dm 100 The theoretical density of gasoline is 0.70 g/mL. If a student conducted an experiment and determined the density of gasoline to be 0.65 g/mL, what was her percent error? Classification of Matter (Ch 2) 1. Definitions Word Bank: Compound Element Matter Mixture Homogeneous Mixture a. A pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined is called a(n) ___________ b. A pure substance that cannot be reduced chemically is called a(n) ___________________ c. A physical combination ___________________ of two or more substances is a(n) d. A physical combination of two or more substances in which the properties are the same throughout is a(n)_______________________ e. Anything that has mass and takes up space is _____________________ EXS: Identify each of the following as compounds, elements, solutions (homogeneous mixture) or heterogeneous mixtures. a. Air b. NaCl c. KCl (aq) d. Dirt e. K 2. More Definitions Word Bank: Chemical Change Chemical Property Physical Change Physical Property a. A characteristic that differentiates one substance from another, that can be observed without changing the substances is a(n) _______________ b. A characteristic that differentiates one substance from another, that cannot be observed without changing the substances is a(n) _______________ c. A change that results in a new substance with new properties being formed is a(n) ______________ d. A change that merely changes the appearance, but not the identity of the substance is a(n) ________ EXS: Label each of the following as a physical property, chemical property, physical change, or chemical change. a. Burning Paper b. Melting Wax c. Dissolving Salt d. Color e. Boiling Point f. Length Atomic Theory (Ch 4 and 5) 1. Definitions Word Bank: Anion Atomic Mass Cation Electrons Ion Isotope a. Any charged particle is called a(n) __________. A positively charged particle is a(n) ________. A negatively charged particle is a(n) ________ These are all formed by losing / gaining _________________. b. An atom that has a set number of protons, but varying numbers of neutrons is a(n) _____________. c. The average mass of all of the isotopes of an element is _____________________. called 2. Complete the following table. Symbol 39 Protons Electrons Neutrons Mass Number K 25 56 S-2 54 18 30 82 3. Given the following information, what is the atomic mass of iron? Percent Abundance 5.82 91.66 2.19 0.33 Isotope Iron -54 Iron -55 Iron -57 Iron -58 Exact Mass 53.9696 amu 55.9349 amu 56.9354 amu 57.9333 amu Atomic Number 4. How are 14C and 13 5. More Definitions C alike? How are they different? Word Bank: Bright-Line Spectrum Continuous Spectrum a. A spectrum in which one color blends into the next is called a(n) ____________________ b. A spectrum in which ______________________ the colors are distinct lines is called a(n) 6. Protons are (positively / negatively) charged and found in the (nucleus / shells) of an atom. Electrons are (positively / negatively) charged and found in the (nucleus / orbitals) of the atom. Neutrons (are / are not) charged and are found in the (nucleus / orbitals) of the atom.