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Name:____________________ Date:____________________Hour:_____________ The cell cycle: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis Fill in the blank notes The beginning of the cell cycle: Interphase Interphase 1. Rapid _______________ The cell grows ________________ production is high 2. ___________ synthesis and replication The cell copies its ___________________ DNA synthesis does not occur all through ___________________ but is confined to this specific time 3. ___________________ replicate: cell prepares for _______________ Centrioles replicate ________________ and other ___________________ are manufactured and cell parts needed for cell division are assembled As interphase ends…Mitosis begins! Mitosis Mitosis is the period of ______________ cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of _______________ Cells undergo mitosis (divides) as they approach the maximum cell ______________ at which the ________________ can provide blueprints for ________________ and the plasma membrane can efficiently transport _____________ and __________________ into and out of the cell. It has 4 stages: – _______________ – _______________ – _______________ – ________________ Prophase: the first stage This is the first and ________________ phase of mitosis. The long stringy chromatin ______________ up into visible _________________. Each ___________________ chromosome is made up of _____________ halves. The two halves of the doubled structure are called ___________________________. The DNA of sister chromatids are exact ______________ of each other and are formed when DNA is copied during ______________. 1 Sister chromatids are held together by a structure called a _________________. The centromere palys a role in chromosome ___________________ during mitosis As prophase continues, the nucleus begins to _________________ as the nuclear envelope ________________________. The centrioles begin to migrate to opposite _____________ of the cell Centrioles are made up of _______________ and are located just outside of the nucleus. As the pairs of centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell and the ______________ begins to form between them. The spindle is a ______________-shaped ______________like structure made of thin fibers of _________________. Spindle fibers play a vital role in the _______________ of sister chromatids. Metaphase: the second stage of mitosis The doubled chromosomes become _______________ to the ___________________ fibers by their ____________________. The chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibers and begin to line up on the ________________, or equator, of the spindle. Each sister chromatid is attached to its __________ spindle fiber. One sister chromatid’s spindle fiber extends to one ___________, and the other extends to the _________________ pole. This arrangement is important because it ensures that each new cell receives an ___________________ and _________________ set of chromosomes Anaphase: the third stage of mitosis Sister chromatids begin to ___________________. The centromers _______________ apart and chromatid pairs ________________ from each other. The chromatids are pulled apart by the ________________ of the microtubules in the spindle fibers. 2 Telophase: the fourth & final phase of mitosis Telophase begins as the _______________ reach the opposite poles of the cell. The chromosomes ________________ so they can begin to direct the __________________ activities of the new cells. The spindle begins to _________________ down. The nuclear envelope begins to ____________________ A new double __________________ begins to form between the two new nuclei. The end of Mitosis… The beginning of cytokinesis. Cytokinesis – the division of the cells cytoplasm Cytokinesis is different in animals and plants Cytokinesis in animals: – The plasma membrane pinches in along the equator and the two cells are seperated. Cytokinesis in Plants: – Plant cells have a rigid cell wall so the plasma membrane does not pinch in. – A structure called the cell plate is laid down across the cell’s equator. – A cell membrane forms around each cell and new cell walls form on each side of the cell plate until separation is complete. The new cells begin interphase! The cycle starts over again… 3