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Biology Exam Review
1
A dermatologist is conducting an experiment to test the effectiveness of two facial antiseptics. She inoculates ten
Petri dishes each with a culture swab from a different patient with acne. She then places sterile paper soaked in
each of the antiseptics in different sections of each Petri dish. After keeping the Petri dishes in an incubator for 48
hours at 37 degrees C, she measures the distance between the edge of each sterile paper and the nearest
bacterial colony. This distance is known as the zone of inhibition. The data are shown below. Investigation
Write a conclusion is based on the data?
2
Explain the role of decomposition, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration in the carbon cycle.
3.
Russian scientists have discovered fossil evidence of a group of "dwarf" mammoths on an island in Siberia.
Carbon dating indicates that these mammoths were alive 6,000 years after other mammoth species became
extinct.
-Some scientists think these "dwarf" mammoths survived because the island was isolated from humans.
-Other scientists think the milder climate on the island allowed them to survive longer.
Which term best describes these two statements? Conclusions, theories, laws, hypotheses natural selection
4
The data below shows the percentage of patients with influenza who are experiencing certain conditions in a
Michigan health clinic:
Percent of Influenza-Positive Patients with Conditions
Condition
Percent of Patients
Fever
100
Headache
57
Nausea/Vomiting
36
Seizures
29
Body Aches
21
The data shown would be most beneficial in the design of: (Choose one) more effective influenza vaccines, more
effective medications for influenza symptoms. better methods to use to test for the influenza virus, better
protective measures to reduce the spread of the influenza virus. investigation
Carbon and nitrogen cycles
5
Scientists in a lab fertilize a single mammalian egg cell in a petri dish. They observe the zygote as it divides into
two cells and then into four cells. The scientists separate the four cells and place each one in a separate petri
dish. Each of the four cells continues to divide, forming an embryo. The embryos are each placed into a different
surrogate mother and develop into completely normal individuals. Which of the following conclusions about the
embryonic cells is supported by the scientists' observations?
Was the cell specialized before implantation or after? Differentation
6
Why is it difficult to keep some mammals alive in captivity? Population
7X
What type of cell has a function most similar to electrical wire?
8.
Based on the DNA sequence information in the chart below, which organism is most closely
related to Homo sapiens? Natural selection
9
Before energy can be used by a cell, the energy in the chemical bonds of sugar must be stored in ____. Cell
10
In the 1600s, biologist Lynn Margulis proposed the theory of "endosymbiosis".
-Her theory suggested that early prokaryotic cells (i.e., bacteria) formed a cooperative relationship by entering
larger cells.
-These invading prokaryotic cells eventually evolved into the mitochondria and chloroplasts in modern plant and
animal cells.
energetics
What is the cellular evidence to support this theory? Cells and Viruses
11
Write true or false for each of the following statements: Cells and Viruses
12
Write the function of the following organelles: nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast
13
What is function of the following organelles: Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, ribosome, mitochondrion Organelles
14X
Describe what happens when a human hand is quickly pulled away
15
Name and describe the chemical equation shown below? Cell energetics
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
16
Two substances, X and Y, are used by a plant cell in a process that forms the products shown below.
Both bacteria and viruses have nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.____
Both bacteria and viruses have cell membranes and cell walls._____
Organelles
from a hot stove? When is pain felt compared to when the hand pulled away.
What substances are represented by X and Y? cell energetics
17
18X
What cycle does the text and the diagram below best describe? Carbon and nitrogen cycles
If one parent is homozygous for A blood and the other parent has type O blood, what are
the phenotypes of the offspring?
If one parent is heterozygous for A blood and the other parent has type O blood, what are
the phenotypes of the offspring? Mendelian Genetics
19
The diagram below shows two strawberry plants. Plant 1 is the parent, and Plant 2 is the offspring.
What represents X and Y to correctly fill in the data table? Division/chromosomal mutations
A student constructs a table with the characteristics of the strawberry plants as shown below:
20
An algae bloom is the rise of an algae population in an aquatic environment. Algae blooms can occur when large
amounts of fertilizer runoff enter a lake.
-As algae blooms grow, some die, and bacteria reproduce rapidly as they consume the dead matter.
-This causes a massive increase in bacteria populations in the lake.
What abiotic factor is a damaging effect of algae blooms? ______ How does this abiotic factor effect other species
in the lake? population
21X
The Punnett square below shows the inheritance of a certain genetic condition. The genotype of an individual
with the condition is in the shaded area. Describe this inherited condition. Mendelian genetics
22
In pea plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled seeds (r). What are the
predicted results for a cross between two heterozygous plants? Write the phenotypes and genotypes. Mendelian
23
genetics
The figure below shows the amino acids coded for by RNA codons in humans.
How would this compare to a codon chart for a plant? Protein synthesis
24
25X
What process is shown in the diagram below? ______________
What does it result in? division and chromosomal mutations
Describe cancer in terms of DNA and growth (cell division/mitosis). Division and chromosomal mutations
26
How did the different species in the diagram evolve? Natural selection
27
A fossil of a fish has been found and is being compared to fish living today. What would be compared? natural
28
Two birds are living in a similar environment and resemble each other. How can it be determined that they are
members of the same species? Natural selection
29
New species can develop over time as a result of environmental pressures and natural selection. In order for this
process to occur, there must first be a mutation. What cells would contain this mutation? Natural
selection
selection/organelles/division and chromosomal mutation
30X
Scientists inserted a new gene onto a tomato plant that allows the plant to produce a pest-killing protein. What
describes this new discovery?
31
A gene for tallness T is dominant over the gene for shortness in pea plants. A homozygous
dominant pea plant is crossed with a heterozygous pea plant and 100 seeds are produced.
Approximately how many of these seeds are homozygous dominant? Heterozygous?
Homozygous recessive? Mendelian genetics
32
Compare anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in terms of oxygen usage, ATP production and under what
conditions each occurs. Cell energetics
33
In order for a plant experiment to be conducted in space, the setup must be small enough to fit in the limited area
available on the spacecraft or space station. Yet, the experiment must include enough samples to provide
meaningful data. What would be a reasonable solution to this challenge? Investigation
34
A group of concerned citizens is asking its local and state government to take steps to limit the amount of
greenhouse gasses released into the atmosphere. The group has compiled the following table which shows the
percent of greenhouse gasses added to the atmosphere by human activity. investigation
The information in the table was presented by letter and at public hearings as a basis for government action to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. Write a valid conclusion based on the data in the table?
35
Immediately following cell specialization during embryonic development, cells from one part of a fruit fly embryo
are transplanted to a different part of the embryo. Describe the transplanted cells. differentiation
36
Hydrogen peroxide slowly breaks down to oxygen, gas, and water, as shown in the reaction below:
2H2O2  O2 + 2H2O
In the laboratory, when a student added catalase to a solution of hydrogen peroxide, the reaction above
happened much faster. Define a catalase such as an enzyme. biochemistry
37X
Describe the relationship between the digestive and circulatory systems?
38X
During exercise, human body temperature increases. How does the human body react to return its temperature
to a normal level?
39X
How does the human digestive system help prevent illness that could be caused by bacteria in food?
40
What provides cells with energy in order to make ATP? Cell energetics
41
What function is common to both a healthy white blood cell and to a
42
Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Cell energetics
43
A cell is observed under a microscope and found to have the following:
-nucleus-mitochondria-chloroplasts-cytoplasm-cell membrane-cell wall
What kind of cell is it? organelles
44
Student Investigation
1. A student places a fresh, crisp piece of celery in Beaker X, filled with tap water.
2. The student also places a fresh, crisp piece of celery in Beaker Y, filled with concentrated salt water.
3. The student observes the celery and records the data in the table shown.
virus that has invaded a host cell ?cells and viruses
Why did the celery in beaker Y became soggy and soft? Investigation
45X
Differentiate between diffusion and active transport (energy required or not, concentration gradient needed or
not). Diffusion
46
The graph shows a change in a deer population in an ecosystem over time.
Describe the area on the graph where the population levels off? What is it called? Population
47
Describe the segregation of chromosomes during meiosis? Division and chromosomal mutations
48
Describe the diagram below. Protein synthesis
49
Some fruit growers in the U.S. are spraying antibiotics on fruit trees to control bacterial diseases. A team of
scientists is interested in genetically engineering a fruit tree that produces fruit containing antibiotics. If the
scientists are successful in producing this type of genetically-altered tree, they will be concerned about which of
the following:
how attractive the genetically-altered trees are to pollinators, how many seeds are present in the
fruit of the genetically-altered trees, the effect of the genetically-altered trees on the stability of ecosystems,
the response of the genetically-altered trees to environmental temperature changes.
50
Segregation during meiosis contributes to a wide variety of possible offspring from two parents. Another process
that contributes to increased variation in offspring is… division and chromosomal mutations
51
52
How do children get sickle cell anemia? Mendelian genetics
Embryonic stem cells eventually differentiate into many types of cells. Describe gene expression. Differentiation
53
Why does a frame-shift mutation often have more serious consequences than a point substitution? Division and
chromosomal mutations
54
The chart above shows RNA codons and their respective amino acids.
Compare the amino acids made from the original DNA to the amino acids made from the altered DNA. Protein
synthesis
55
56
Describe the chart below and relate it to evolution. Natural selection
Information about sunflower plants is listed below.
Sunflower Plants
- A population of sunflower plants has seeds with three different types of seed coats or shells.
-The three seed coat phenotypes that exist are thick, thin, and brittle.
-A change in the climate of the plants' environment favors the hard-seed coats.
Describe what will happen to the plants as a result of this change in climate? Natural selection
57X
58
Assuming all environmental factors were similar in an ecosystem simulation, which of the following would result in
the most biodiversity? Natural selection
A competition but no mutations
B
mutations but no natural selection
C
competition but no natural variation
D
natural selection but no natural variation
After sequencing several proteins from chimpanzees and orangutans, scientists found that the protein sequences
were very similar. Write a conclusion that is supported by this information about chimpanzees and orangutans?
Natural selection
59
Given the diagram below, what would be a main reason for the development of the separate subspecies of the
Northern Spotted Owl and the Mexican Spotted Owl? Natural selection
60
A population of birds had a range of beak sizes. These birds ate different sizes of seeds. After a prolonged
drought, only the larger, tougher seeds were available. Only birds with larger beaks could eat these seeds. As a result,
the population changed so that there were no longer birds with the smaller beaks. Describe what happened to this
population. Natural selection