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Nursing college, Second stage Microbiology Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi L11: Fungi& Viruses They are a diverse group of saprophytic and parasitic eukaryotic organisms. Human fungal diseases (mycoses) are classified by the location on or in the body where the infection occurs. They are called cutaneous when limited to the epidermis, subcutaneous when the infection penetrates significantly beneath the skin, and systemic when the infection is deep within the body or disseminated to internal organs. Systemic mycoses can be further divided into those that are caused by true pathogenic fungi capable of infecting healthy individuals, and those that are opportunistic, infecting primarily those individuals who have predisposing conditions such as immunodeficiency or debilitating diseases. Fungi produce and secrete a variety of unusual metabolic products, some of which, when ingested, are highly toxic to animals, including humans. Thus, fungi can cause poisonings as well as infections. Lastly, fungal spores are important as human allergenic agents. Candidiasis (candidosis) is caused by the yeast Candida albicans, which are normal body flora found in the skin, mouth, vagina, and intestines. Although considered a yeast, C. albicans is dimorphic, and can form a true mycelium. Infections occur when competing bacterial flora are eliminated, for example, by antibacterial antibiotics, allowing the yeast to overgrow. Candida infections have various manifestations depending on the site. For example, oral candidiasis (thrush) presents as raised, white plaques on the oral mucosa, tongue, or gums. Vaginal candidiasis, Systemic candidiasis may involve the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver, and spleen. 1 Nursing college, Second stage Microbiology 2 Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi Nursing college, Second stage Microbiology Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi Viruses :Viruse are extremely small infective agents. A complete particle , or virion , has much simpler structure than a cell. It essentially consist of a block of genetic material (DNA or RNA ) surrounded by proteinaceous coat that protects it from the environment and aid in its transmission from host to host, the protein coat of virus is called the capsid. capsids normally have one of three shapes 1.icosahedral ( as in the poliovirus ). 2-helical ( as in the tobacco mosaic virus) 3.complex (as in the bacteriophages , or phages ). The following tables shows the type of viruses and diseases & viruses vaccines Family Pox viruses Viruses Variola Herpes simplex type1&2 Varicella-zoster Type of NA DNA DNA DNA herpes viruses Cytomegalovirus DNA Epstein- Barr (EB) DNA Adeno viruses Adeno viruses DNA Papova viruses Hepadna viruses Reo viruses Picprna viruses Retero viruses(HIV) Rhabdo viruses Papilloma Hepatitis A, BC,D Rota viruses rhino viruses Human immunodeficiency viruses rabies viruses DNA DNA RNA RNA Diseases smallpox Cold, genital sores, encephalitis Chickenpox, shingles Cytomegalic inclusion disease of neonates, pneumonia in immunocompromised patients Infectious mononucleosis (cancer) Sore throat, conjunctivitis, haemorrhgic cystitis Warts, cervical cancer Hepatitis B, liver cancer Causes diarrhea in infant Common cold RNA AIDS RNA Mumps RNA Measles RNA Influenza A,B Rubella RNA RNA Causes human rabies Causes mumps in children &encephalitis Causes measles in children (rash, maculopapules) influenza Causes measls in children (rash) paramyxo viruses orthomyxovirus Togo viruses 3 Nursing college, Second stage Microbiology Table shows of viruses vaccines 4 Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi
