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Download Module 19 Outline part 2 Karen trained as a psychoanalyst objected
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Module 19 Outline part 2 Karen _______________ trained as a psychoanalyst objected to Freud’s view of women being dependent, vain, and submissive because of biological forces and childhood sexual experiences took Issue with Freud’s idea of penis _______________ personality development, (women or men) can be found in child-parent social “interactions” theorized that: child-parent conflicts are avoidable if the child is raised in a loving, trusting, and secure environment founded the psychology of women, considered feminist, Was a Neo-Freudian _______________-Freudians turned the emphasis of the Freud’s psychodynamic theory away from biological drives toward psychosocial & cultural influences Humanistic Theories Official beginning: Early 1960s Major figure: _______________ Emphasize our capacity for personal growth, development of our potential, and freedom to choose our destiny. Humanistic theories emphasize our capacity for personal growth, development of our potential & freedom to choose our _______________ Three characteristics: _______________ perspective: your perception of the world, whether or not it is accurate, becomes your reality _______________view: individual parts of personality form a unique and total entity that functions as a unit Self-actualization: our inherent tendency to develop and reach our true potentials Maslow Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Divides needs into two categories: _______________ needs: growth needs: Physiological & needs at higher psychological needs levels, such as That we try to fulfill if beauty & justice They are not met Goal: work toward self-actualization Based on characteristics of self-actualized individuals Rogers: Self Theory also called self-actualization theory based on two major assumptions: personality development is guided by each person’s unique self-actualization tendency each of us has a personal need for __________________________ Roger’s self-actualization tendency: refers to an inborn tendency for us to develop all of our capacities in ways that best maintain and benefit our lives relates to biological functions & psychological functions guides us toward positive or healthful behaviors rather than negative or _______________ ones Self or self-concept refers to how we see our describe ourselves positive negative tend to act, feel, tend to act, feel & think optimistically & think pessimistically Constructively & destructively Two kinds of selves: ideal self based in our hopes & wishes; how we would like to see ourselves real self based on actual experiences; how we really see ourselves Positive regard: love, sympathy, warmth, _______________, and respect, which we crave from family, friends, and people important to us Conditional positive regard: positive regard we receive if we behave in certain _______________ ways _______________ positive regard: warmth, acceptance & love that others show you regardless of your behavior Application: Shyness Shyness: feeling of distress that comes from being tense, _______________, or awkward in social situations & worrying about fear & rejection. Psychodynamic approach: -_______________ conflict at one or more of Freud’s psychosexual stages -conscious & unconscious fears & use of defense mechanisms Social Cognitive Theory: -breaks shyness down into 3 observable components- cognitive, behavioral & _______________ -therapies based on this theory have helped shy people _______________ shy behavior Assessment: Tests Psychological assessment: use of various tools to measure various characteristics, traits, or abilities in order to understand & _______________ behaviors Personality tests: measure observable & unobservable behaviors or characteristics; Used to identify personality problems & psychological disorders & to predict behavior. Ability tests: measure what we have learned (_______________), our _______________ for learning or a specific skill (aptitude), potential to solve problems (intelligence) _______________ tests: require individuals to look at some meaningless object/ambiguous photo & describe what they see; through interpretation, they project their conscious & unconscious feelings, needs & motives Examples: _______________ inkblot test showing an inkblot & asking what the image is ______________ Apperception Test (TAT): showing 20 pictures & asking what people are doing or thinking _______________ analysis validity: the test measures what it is supposed to measure reliability: having a consistent score at different times _______________ principle: method of listing many general traits so that almost everyone who reads the horoscope thinks that these traits apply specifically to him & her; these traits are so general they apply to almost everyone Objective personality tests, or self-report questionnaires: consist of specific, written statements that require individuals to indicate whether the statements do or do not apply to them. Examples of objective test: Integrity tests Minnesota _______________ Personality Inventory 2: a true-false self-report questionnaire that consists of 567 statements describing a wide range of normal & abnormal behaviors; intended to measure personality style & emotional______________ in individuals with mental illness
