Download Unit 3 Terms

Unit 3 Diabetes Terms
Sect. 1
Atom
Calorie
Chemical Bond
Chemical Rxn
Compound
Covalent bond
Element
Homeostasis
Hydrogen bond
Hydrophilic
Ionic bond
Molecule
Nutrient
Polarity
Solute
Solution
Solvent
The smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in a combo.
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by
1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1g of water releases when it cools by
1°C. Calorie (w/ caps) is used to indicate the energy content of food & is a
kilocalorie.
An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a
molecule or compound.
Chemical change; the interaction of chemical entities.
A substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio.
A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share 1 or more pairs of
valence e-.
The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the
substance & is composed of 1 or more atoms.
The steady-state physiological condition of the body.
A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive H atom of a
polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of
a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
Having an affinity (love) for water.
A chem. bond resulting from the attraction btw oppositely charged ions.
2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
A substance that is needed by the body to maintain life & health.
Lacking electrical symmetry; charge differs on opposite ends of strxr.
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of 2(+) substances.
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile.
Section 2
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Amino Acid
Carbohydrate
Chemical Indicator
Dehydration
Synthesis
Disaccharide
Electrolyte
Glucose
Hydrolysis
Lipid
A compound composed of adenosine & 3 phosphate groups that supplies
energy for many biochem cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic
hydrolysis.
An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins.
A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide.
A substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by its capacity for color
change in a substance.
A chemical rxn in which 2 molecules are bonded together with the removal of a
water molecule.
A double sugar molecule made of 2 monosaccharides bonded together
through dehydration synthesis.
Any of the ions (as of sodium, potassium, calcium, or bicarbonate) in a
biological fluid, regulate or affect most metabolic processes (as the flow of
nutrients into & waste products out of cells)
A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar.
A chem. process that splits a molecule by adding water.
1 of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, & steroids that is
insoluble in water.
Macromolecule
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Polymer
Polysaccharide
Protein
A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.
The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
The simplest type of sugar, a single sugar molecule such as glucose/fructose.
A large molecule consisting of many repeating chem. units or molecules linked
together.
A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.
A 3-D polymer made of monomers of amino acids.
Section 3
Catalyst
Enzyme
Homeostasis
pH Scale
Substrate
A substance that enables a chem. rxn to proceed under different conditions
(as at a lower temp) than otherwise possible.
Any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells & catalyze
specific biochem. rxns at body temps.
The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body
temp. or the pH of blood) under fluctuating environmental conditions.
A measure of the amount of H ions in solution.
A substance acted upon by an enzyme.
Section 4
Concentration
Gradient
Feedback
Hormone
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Insulin
Isotonic
Negative Feedback
Osmosis
Positive Feedback
An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area.
When a gradient exists, the ions tend to move from more concentrated to less
concentrated.
Information obtained from the results of a process.
A product of living cells that circulates in blood & produces a specific often
stimulatory effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of
the hormone.
In comparing 2 solutions, referring to the 1 with a greater solute concentration.
In comparing 2 solutions, referring to the 1 with a lower solute concentration.
A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the
metabolism of carbohydrates & the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a physiological change
triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an
area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output.