Download Kingdom Plantae Review #1 KEY Evolution of Plants Water Rigid

Kingdom Plantae Review #1 KEY
Evolution of Plants
1. Water
2. Rigid xylem provide plants with the support they need to grow up against gravity to
out-compete other plants in obtaining sunlight for photosynthesis.
3. Vascular plants transport water and minerals through their Xylem and they transport
sugars for energy through their Phloem.
4. A cuticle is a waxy covering on the outside of the a plant’s epidermis that helps reduce
water loss.
5. The biggest advancement that most land plants posses is the SEED. The seed contains
an embryo that may remain dormant in drought periods for several years. This allows
seed plants to inhabit drier environments.
6. The most advanced terrestrial plants have the following adaptations:
- Development of vascular tissue
- Development of seeds
- Development of protected embryo
- Development of flowers
Characteristics of Algae
1. According to the textbook we will place multicellular algae into Kingdom Plantae.
2. Algae are – Non-vascular (therefore no true leaves, stems and roots), they have no
rigid support tissues, they do not make seeds, no protective covering to prevent them
from drying out.
3. Algae have no covering to prevent them from drying out, and they lack vessels for
transporting food and water.
4. Algae is not a taxonomic term, instead, it is a generic term that groups all SIMPLE
autotrophic aquatic organisms into one group. Some algae are Monerans, some are
Protists and some are primitive Plants.
5. Large macroscopic algae do not require rigid tissues because they are buoyed up by
water. This buoyancy helps them reach toward sunlight. Many also possess gas-filled
floats.
6. Holdfasts
7. A water-proof CUTICLE covering is important for terrestrial plants, it prevents them
from losing too much water through their epidermis. Algae are aquatic and nonvascular, they have no vessels for transportation, so they obtain their nutrients and CO 2
from the water they are bathed in and they give off their wastes into this water.
8. Red and Violet wavelength are absorbed by water very easily, as a result they do not
penetrate the deeper depths like blue light will.
9. All algae posses Chlorophyll a.
10. Other pigments called accessory pigments help some algae live in deeper water as these
pigments absorb other wavelengths that Chlorophyll cannot absorb.
Classification of Algae
1. Algae are classified according to the type of pigments they possess and by the way they
store their food.
2. Brown Algae – PHAEOPHYTA
Red Algae - RHODOPHYTA
3. CHLOROPHYTA.
4. All Chlorophytes possess Chlorophyll a + b and they primarily store the products of
photosynthesis as STARCH.
5. CELLULOSE
6. A) Chlamydomonas and Chlorella
b) Gonium, Volvox, Protococcus
c) Oedogonium and Spirogyra
d) Ulva
7. VOLVOX
Spirogyra:
8.
9. Euglena, They both possess two flagella and an eyespot.
9. ULVA
10. PHAEOPHYTA – Sargasum and Fucus.
11. Stipes/Blades – Increased surface area for Photosynthesis.
-
Bladder – Often gas-filled tissues that help the algae be more buoyant to float up to
higher parts of the vertical column to attain light.
-
Holdfast – To anchor plant so that it does not float away.
12. RHODOPHYTA can inhabit the deepest depths due to the presence of Phycobillin
pigments.
13. The switching back and forth between the production of DIPLOID and HAPLOID cells.
Ecological Role of Algae
1. Approximately 50%-75% of oxygen on earth is produced by Algae.
2. Some foods that incorporate algal ingredients are : Ice Cream, Chocolate bars, Relishes,
Dressings, Chip Dip, Syrups, Egg Nog, Chow Mein.
- Also in Health Supplements, Alginate for dental molds, Agar.
3. When algal blooms occur, the algal mats may block out incoming light so that all other
aquatic vegetation die off. Water becomes stagnant as O2 level drops off.
Decomposition uses up even more O2. As a result the aquatic life all die  SUMMER
KILL