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Name _____________________ Date ______________ Period _______ # ______ Triple-Entry Vocabulary Journal for Chapter 3 Biology http://quizlet.com/2859464/ch-3-biochemistry-vocabulary-flash-cards/ Word/Definition in Context Organic compound- a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon Monomer- a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer Polymer- a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers Macromolecule- a very large organic molecule, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes Carbohydrate- an organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things Monosaccharide- a simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate Disaccharide- a sugar formed from two monosaccharides Definition in My Own Words Picture, Memory Aid, Phrase ◦ ◦C◦ ◦ Mono = one One unit Poly = many Many units Macro = large ATP = energy currency ($) The more ATP your cells have, the more energy they have to do work. Quick energy store (Carbo load the night before a race) Ex. Bread and pasta Mono = one Saccharide = sugar Ex. Glucose Di = two Saccharide = sugar Ex. Fructose + glucose = sucrose Polysaccharide- one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars Protein- an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells Amino acid- an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins Peptide bond- the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid Polypeptide- a long chain of several amino acids Poly = many Saccharide= sugar Ex. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose Ex. Hair, horns, skin, muscles, and enzymes are all made of protein. The monomer (smallest) unit of a protein. 20 different types Bond holding to AAs together Poly = many Peptide = amino acid bonds Name _____________________ Date ______________ Period _______ # ______ Word in Context Enzyme- a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animal without being permanently changed or destroyed Substrate- the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes Definition in My Own Words Picture, Memory Aid, Phrase Speed up chemical reactions The substance the enzyme works on Active site- the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate The place where the substrate and enzyme bind Lipid- a large, nonpolar organic molecule which stores energy and make up cell membranes Fatty acid- an organic acid that is contained in lipids Fancy word for “fat” Store 9 cal/g of energy Phospholipid- a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes Wax- a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain Steroid- a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached Nucleic acid- an organic compound (DNA or RNA) whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics Ribonucleic acid (RNA)- a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis Nucleotide- in a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base Found on cell membranes (really important function) Found in fats or oils Waxy surfaces on plants waterproof it and earwax prevents germs from entering the ear canal. Ex. Naturally made hormones like testosterone and cholesterol Monomer unit is a nucleotide. Draw the large pic of DNA on pg. 60. Makes proteins Draw the inset on pg. 60.