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U.S. History Final Exam Review Fall 2009
1. Define and give characteristics of the Gilded Age.
2. Define and give characteristics of the Progressive Era.
3. Identify:
 15th Amendment
 Social Darwinism
 Land speculators
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 16 Amendment
 Jim Crow
 Vertical consolidation
 Business cycle
 Poll Tax
 Horizontal consolidation
 17th Amendment
 Grandfather clause
 Trust, monopoly, cartel
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 18 Amendment
 Referendum
 Boomers, Sooners
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 19 Amendment
 Recall
 Graft, vice, corruption
 Laissez-faire
 Initiative
 Bessemer Process
 Nativism
 Economies of scale
4. How did the growth of railroads effect the development of the West?
5. What was the Morrill Land Grant? How did it encourage westward expansion?
6. What was the Homestead Act? How did it encourage westward expansion?
7. Define Manifest Destiny. How did this encourage westward expansion?
8. Identify the transcontinental railway. How did the U.S. government encourage the building of the TCRR?
9. What made possible the American industrial growth of the late 1880’s?
10. What revolutionized American communications in the late 1880’s?
11. Critics of powerful industrialists referred to them as _____.
12. The goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to do what?
13. According to the theory of social Darwinism, the government should do what?
14. How did industrial growth affect the distribution of wealth in the United States?
16. During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories. Why?
17. How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the steel industry?
18. Employers used what types of tactics in their attempts to crush labor strikes?
19. As a results of the Pullman Strikes, for the next 30 years the government did what?
20. Between 1860-1900 14 million immigrants came to the United States. why?
21. Children had to work in the factories in the 1880's. why?
22. Labor unions were created in the 1800's because why?
23. What was a major incentive in the settling of the West?
24. What drew many new immigrants to the West?
25. Describe the lifestyle of homesteaders?
26.Many agreements between Native Americans and the federal government fell apart why?
26. The Interstate Commerce Act was passed to do what?
27. The challenges and hardships of settling the Great Plains led settlers to do what?
28. Most African American Exodusters migrated west for what reason?
29. One way the government sought to change Native Americans was by doing what to them?
30. Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis held that the frontier meant what?
31. As American settlers moved west in search of land, what happened to many Native American nations?
32. What were the major beliefs of the Republican Party during the Gilded Age? The Democratic Party?
The Populist Party?
33. Why did farmers favor inflation?
34. William Jennings Bryan lost the election of 1896 because he could not do what?
35. During the late 1800s, the port of entry for the majority of immigrants was where?
36. What attracted many Asians to the United States in the late 1800s?
37. Why did many immigrants support city political machines?
37. The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to do what?
38. In the 1890s, immigration patterns shifted dramatically, with most immigrants now coming from which
areas?
39. The main objective of the nativists was to do what?
40. Prohibitionists and purity crusaders both worked to do what?
41. The Interstate Commerce Act outlawed the railroads’ practice of what?
42. How were Asians regarded by many white Americans?
43. What contributed to the migration from farms to cities in the late 1800s?
44. What contributes to the growth of cities?
45. What powerful position did William Marcy Tweed hold?
46. The Niagara Movement called for what?
47. During the early 1900s, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was an
example of how African Americans could do what?
48. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled what?
50. W.E.B. Du Bois argued that African Americans should educate themselves for what reason?
51. How did Booker T. Washington’s differ from W.E.B. DuBois?
51. How did immigrants regard public education?
52. What were all the popular forms of entertainment in the late 1800s?
53. Why was the NAACP founded?
54. An event that led to the Spanish-American War was what?
55. What was the Open Door Policy? Why was it important to the United States?
56. The central message of the Roosevelt Corollary was what?
57. The United States followed a policy of expansionism in the late 1800s because why?
58. Alfred T. Mahan argued that to protect its trade, the United States must build up its what?
59. William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer used sensational stories in their newspapers to do what?
60. To support their view, anti-imperialists argued what?
61. Under imperialism, the stronger nation attempts to do what?
62. In 1898, the American government declared war on Spain to win the independence of what country?
63. The first action of the Spanish-American War took place where?
64. As a result of the peace treaty with Spain, the United States gained what territories?
65. The United States wanted to build a canal across Panama for what reason?
66. The United States acquired control of the Canal Zone by doing what?
67. President Roosevelt threatened to use the United States Navy ("The Big Stick") to accomplish what?
68. President Taft was known for a foreign policy based on what principle?
69. Imperialists like Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge argued that the United States needed to do
what 2 things?
70. The efforts of Florence Kelley convinced many states to abolish what?
71. President Wilson established the Federal Reserve System for what purpose?
72. Which belief was held by most Progressives regarding the government?
73. Which was a major contributing factor in Woodrow Wilson’s winning the presidency in 1912?
74. In 1906, Upton Sinclair’s novel entitled The Jungle exposed dangerous workplace conditions where?
75. Journalists known as muckrakers worked at doing what?
76. Mother Jones is best known for organizing unions where?
77. When the United Mine Workers called a strike in 1902, President Roosevelt did what?
78. Roosevelt vigorously enforced what Act?
79. As a measure to prevent bank failures, President Wilson helped create what?
80. The anti-suffrage movement argued that if women could vote, then what would happen to them?
81. The battle for women’s suffrage ended with the ratification of which amendment?
82. The woman who led NAWSA to victory was whom?
83. What was the major factor in the decision of the United States’ to enter World War I?
84. What were some facts of African Americans during World War I?
85. What role did the federal government play in the economy during WWI?
86. The incident that triggered World War I was what event?
87. Under the terms of the Sussex pledge, the German government promised what?
88. The Selective Service Act was a means of doing what?
89. The German U-boat changed the rules of naval warfare because it did what?
90. The United States broke off diplomatic relations with Germany when what event took place?
91. Why did the U.S. decide to enter WWI?
92. Herbert Hoover, head of the Food Administration, worked to do what?
93. Minorities and women found employment opportunities mainly in what area during WWI?
94. The Sedition Act made it illegal to do what?
95. Wilson’s goal for the League of Nations was what?
96. Many Republicans in the Senate objected to Article 10 of the plan for the League of Nations because they
feared that what would happen?
97. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to do what?
98. The Monroe Doctrine and social Darwinism contributed to what?
100. What treaty ended WWI?
101. World War I occurred between what years?
102. What was the Great Migration?
103. Who were the “irreconcilable” senators? Why did they oppose the Treaty of Versailles?
104. Why did the U.S. decide to enter WWI?