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Causes of the Civil War Study Guide-Compromises DIRECTIONS: Use the words from the word bank to fill in the blanks. Words may be used more than once. In the mid-19th century, sectionalism was tearing the United States apart. The largely anti-slavery Northern states and the pro-slavery Southern states were vying for representation in the U.S. Congress. In 1817, a perfect balance existed between the two, at 11 states each. That is, until _____________ applied for statehood in 1817 wanting to allow slavery. Adding _____________ as a ___________ state would upset the balance of power in Congress. The question divided Congress and the nation. The nation argued for months. _____________________, known as the “Great Compromiser”, saw an opportunity when ______________ wanted to apply for statehood as a free state. Congress passed his plan, known as the Missouri Compromise, in 1820. It kept the balance of power in the Senate between ______________ and free states, and banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the ______________ line. The compromise kept the Union together, but did not settle the question of slavery forever. Once the United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican-American War, the nation’s leaders began debating how to deal with slavery in the _______________________. ______________________ gained enough people because of the __________________, and applied for statehood as a free state. This, once again threatened to upset the balance. Senator __________________ came up with the Compromise of 1850. To please the North, _____________________ was admitted as a free state and the _________ trade was abolished in Washington D.C. To please the South, Congress left the question of slavery in the territories to _________________________ and passed the __________________________. As a footnote, Texas gave up 1/3 of its territory in exchange for $10 million. The Compromise of 1850 settled both sides, but Northerners did not appreciate the __________ ___________________ because it made them actively participate in the practice of slavery. Illinois Senator ____________________ proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 to organize the remaining territories from the Louisiana Purchase. The Act left the slavery question in the territories to ____________________________. Pro- and anti-slavery settlers rushed into the territories, leading to an event called “______________________.” Fighting between the two groups was rampant. An extreme abolitionist named ____________________ gained national attention for his gruesome acts during this little civil war. Henry Clay Bleeding Kansas Slave Maine California Fugitive Slave Act John Brown Stephen Douglas 36°30’ Missouri Mexican Cession Gold Rush Fugitive Slave Act popular sovereignty Causes of the Civil War Study Guide-Slavery and Abolitionism 1. What invention led to the expansion of slavery? Why did this happen? 2. How many southerners owned slaves? What fraction of the southern population was enslaved? 3. What problems did free African Americans face? 4. Below are people, places and things that contributed to the abolitionism movement or sectionalism between the North and South. Give a brief description of each. Nat Turner Eli Whitney William Lloyd Garrison Sojourner Truth Harriet Tubman John Brown & Harper’s Ferry Frederick Douglass Uncle Tom’s Cabin Dred Scott Roger Taney Causes of the Civil War Study Guide-Sectionalism The Northern and Southern states had many differences that led to economic, political, and cultural conflict. Eventually, they led to the Civil War. For each phrase below, put a U if it applies to the North (also called the Union) or put a C if it applies to the South (also called the Confederacy). _____ 1. Had a larger population of 31 million people in 1860 _____ 2. Had broad, deep, slow-moving rivers for transportation on steamboats _____ 3. Did not have to defeat the other side to win _____ 4. Had superior military leaders _____ 5. Had most of the nation’s banking system and wealth _____ 6. Its economy was mostly agricultural _____ 7. Relied on imports _____ 8. Had 86% of the country’s factories and industrial power _____ 9. Had superior transportation, including 71% of the nation’s railroads _____ 10. Seceded from the United States Some Vocabulary Terms to Know States’ RightsSecedeNullifyCompromiseAbolitionismSectionalismUnionConfederacy- Causes of the Civil War Study Guide-Secession QUESTIONS 1. Why/how did the Republican Party form? 2. Why didn’t the South support the Republican Party? 3. What was important about the Election of 1856? 4. What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates? 5. How did Lincoln view slavery and its expansion? 6. How did Douglas view slavery and its expansion? 7. What did the Southern states promise to do if Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860? 8. What four topics did the North and South disagree on? 9. What happened during the Nullification Crisis? 10. Which state was the first to secede? 11. Fill in the blank: Texas was the ______ state to secede. 12. How did Sam Houston view secession? What happened to him? 13. How was the Confederate Constitution different from the American Constitution? 14. How did Lincoln view secession and how was he going to deal with the South? 15. Who was Robert E. Lee?