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G.C.S.E. REVISION GRID. TOPIC AREA HEALTH AND FITNESS Understanding of how health & fitness are related (fit for everyday living) Physical Fitness: Speed, strength (3 types), flexibility, endurance, body composition Motor Fitness: Agility, balance, power, co-ordination, reaction time, speed. Postural considerations DIET What constitutes a balanced diet? Carbohydrates fats, proteins, vitamins A,C & D, fibre, water, minerals (iodine, calcium , iron.) Include foods that are rich in these substances. Basal Metabolic Rate and energy requirements (age, gender, activity level) Obesity and anorexia Diets during training/competing including carboloading. EXERCISE How exercise relieves stress How sport encourages new friends TRAINING What is muscular strength – how to improve it KNOW THE DIFFERENCE What is muscular endurance – how to improve it BETWEEN THE TWO Flexibility – How to improve it (passive/active stretching) Why it is important. Sit & reach (test) Link between strength and flexibility PAGES IN REVISION GUIDE DATE REVISED Types of Training : weight, circuit, interval, fartlek, continuous, aerobic, anaerobic Principles of training: specificity, overload, progression, reversibility, sets, repititions Seasonal training: patterns in/out of season Fitness Testing: Multistage, Cooper, Harvard Step, Sit & reach, Standing broad/vertical jump SAFETY Prevention of injuries; warm-up/ cool down Correct clothing/ equipment / playing surface Personal hygiene First Aid: Sprains, strains, fractures, concussion, R.I.C.E. SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions: Support, protection, movement, blood production Bones: cranium, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, phalanges, sturnum, ribs, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, patella. Vertebral column. 5 regions Types of joint: synovial, slightly moveable, immovable Types of synovial joint: gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, ball & socket Range of movement: Flexion, extention, rotation, adbuction, abduction Function of cartilage, tendons and ligaments MUSCULAR SYSTEM Types of muscles: voluntary, involuntary, cardiac Muscles; biceps, triceps, deltoids, pectorals, trapezius, abdominals, latissimus dorsi, gluteals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius Actions of muscles: agonists, antagonists, prime movers CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, vena cava. Blood flow through heart Heart beat, double pump, pulse, blood pressure Function of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma Transport of oxygen, glucose and waste products. Effects of training on the heart BREATHING Trachea, alveoli, lungs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, ribs Intercostal muscles action of breathing Alveoli – site of gaseous exchange CO2 Lung Capacity at rest and at exercise Measurements of tidal volume and vital capacity. Means of testing lung capacity. Effects of training upon breathing. RESPIRATION Understand differences between aerobic respiration (glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + energy) and anaerobic respiration (glucose Lactic acid + energy) FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE Lack of sleep Smoking, Alcohol, Adrenaline, high altitude, blood doping Drugs:Stimulants, narcotic analgesics, anabolic agents, hormones, beta blockers, diuretics Body types: Endomorph, ectomorph, mesomorph Gender: Anatomical differences Age Acquisition of Skill: Feedback, types of practice, types of guidance, open/closed skills Psychology :Tension, anxiety, boredom, motivation, personality (extrovert/introvert) Agression SPORT AND SOCIETY Sponsorship: Advantages/ disadvantages to sponsor/ performer/ to the sport. Examples of major sponsors in sport. Media: Forms to include: T.V. radio, cable, satellite, newspapers, magazines. Types of coverage: Full report, news, highlights. Positive/ negative effects of media Social/ anti social behaviour ie, behaviour of fans, players, officials and strategies to control behaviour (Taylor report) Amateur/ professional LOCAL AND NATIONAL PROVIDERS The role of sports development officers Council/private facilities Roles within clubs (committee members) Funding through the National Lottery INTERNATIONAL SPORT Summer Olympic Games: Political/ finantial issues: 1936, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92. Advantages/disadvantages of hosting major international events. Grass root schemes and scholarship programmes FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION School: National Curriculum and extra curricular Attitudes of society: Women’s involvement, disabled Sports Council: programmes Effects of peer groups, family, gender, race on participation in sport Leisure Time: Unemployment, children, workers Facilities: Provision for excellence, teams, schools, availability of sports centres, playing fields and swimming pools