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UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 203 COURSE TITLE: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY II CREDIT UNIT: 3 TIME ALLOWED: 2.5 HRS. INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS 1a. Define mutation. (b). Discuss the differences in the different types of mutation. (c). How can mutation be repaired? 2. Write short notes on the following: (a). Plasmids. (b). Bacterial conjugation. (c). Differences between transformation and transduction. (d). The ames test. 3a. Explain the three main functions of the specific immune response. (b). How do the following defend the body against microbial invasion?: i. Interferons. ii. Iron-binding proteins. iii. Phagocytosis. 4. Write notes on: (i). Legionaires disease. (ii). Histoplasmosis. (iii). Botulism. (iv). Genital herpes. 5a. List any four factors that may influence the number and distribution of microbes in the soil. (b). Discuss bacteria as microbial flora of the soil. 6a. Enumerate any five (5) water-borne diseases. (bi). Describe the membrane – filtration technique and State any four (4) advantages of the technique. UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 204 COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF STERILIZATION, DISINFECTION & CHEMOTHERAPHY CREDIT UNIT: 2 TIME ALLOWED: 2 HRS. INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS 1a. Define sterilization and disinfection. (b). List the qualities of a good disinfectant. (c). Describe a named experiment that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a given chemical disinfectant. 2a. Why are antimetabolites referred to as ‘decoys’. b. Write notes on the different classes of antimetabolites given appropriate examples in each case. 3. Write notes on the following: i. Mechanical sterilization. ii. Tyndallization. iii. Autoclaving. 4. Write short notes on the mode of action and examples of: i. β – lactams. ii. Tetracyclines. iii. Aminoglycosides. iv. Quinolones. v. Polymixins. 5. Discuss the different types of chemotherapeutic agents that can be used to treat viral infections and their targets. UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 406 COURSE TITLE: ANALYTICAL MICROBIOLOGY & QUALITY CONTROL CREDIT UNITS: 3 TIME ALLOWED: 2.5HRS INSTRUCTIONS: ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY 1. (a) What are the objectives of microbiological quality control. (b) Why is sample handling so important in microbiological quality control. (c) Describe how you will carry out the microbiological sampling of the following: (i) Frozen chicken. (ii)Tap water. (iii)Vegetables from a consignment. 2. Write short notes on the following (a) Food legislation and its importance. (b) Total quality concept. (c) Enumeration of microorganisms in a food sample 3. (a) Give the advantages of nucleic acid diagnostic tools over immunologic procedures. (b) Discuss the general principles of immunoassays and outline the procedures for the identification of pathogens. 4. (a) Outline the major differences between conventional and rapid assays methods used in the identification of pathogens. (b) Describe the application of nucleic acid based methods in the detection of microorganisms. 5. (a) Show the differences between analytical and conventional microbiological techniques. (b) Describe the principles and procedures involved in the quantification of lysine in a drug formulation using a named microorganism. 6. (a) Outline the steps involved in the concept of HACCP and with the aid of a flow chart show the “critical control points” and “microbiological hazard” in the production of packaged water or yoghurt. (b) What are the differences between “retrospective” and “Intervention” quality control? UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 408 COURSE TITLE: PETROLEUM MICROBIOLOGY CREDIT UNITS: 3 TIME ALLOWED: 2.5HRS INSTRUCTIONS: ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY; ATLEAST 2 QUESTIONS FROM EACH SECTION SECTION A 1.(a) What are fossil fuel?. (b).Describe briefly the two popularly upheld theories on the formation of petroleum and coal. (c).Show in a tabular form the various forms of phytoremediation and their applications to cleansing environmentally polluted soil and water. 2. Describe (a) factors to consider (b) microorganisms and (C) biochemical pathways involved in the bioremediation of soil with pollutant constituents as follows: toluene (60%), propane (30%) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (10%). 3. (a) Outline the procedures that can be used for microbial prospecting of oil and gas (MPOG). (b) What are the principles behind microbial enhanced oil recovery? SECTION B 4(a) Define methanogenesis and describe methane production from agricultural wastes by microbial succession . (b) What is the ecological significance of methanogenesis? 5(a). Explain the metabolic mechanism by which methanotrophs mitigate global warming. (b) Outline the economic importance of methanotrophs. 6(a) Explain the role of (i) Acid producing bacteria (ii) Slime-producing bacteria in the corrosion of petroleum pipelines. (b) Write a proposal to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) on how to control the corrosion of its petroleum pipelines. UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 409 COURSE TITLE: GENERAL TOXICOLOGY CREDIT UNITS: 3 TIME ALLOWED: 2.5HRS INSTRUCTIONS: ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY 1. Discuss the safety concerns of the following in drinking water. (i) Chlorination. (ii) Nitrate. (iii) Fluoride. (iv) Aluminium. 2. Describe the major microbial groups that may affect drinking water quality. What measures would you recommend for the treatment of drinking water. 3. Discuss major microbial species which may contaminate food and why this may be dangerous. 4. Discuss the importance of pesticides. 5. Write an easy on the organochlorine pesticides and their implications in the environment. 6. Write short notes on: (i) Rodenticides. (ii) Carbamate insecticides. (iii) Fungicides. (iv) Rotenoids. UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 308 COURSE TITLE: IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOCHEMISTRY CREDIT UNITS: 4 TIME ALLOWED: 3 HRS INSTRUCTIONS: ATTEMPT ANY FIVE QUESTIONS ONLY 1(a). Describe the immunologic reactions involved in Type I hypersensitivities. (b) Give 4 examples of Type I hypersensitivities. 2(a). Describe the oxygen dependent mechanism of phagocytosis. (b) How do microbial cells evade the action of phagocytes? 3(a). What is complement? (b). List the pathways of complement activation. (c) Explain in detail any one of the listed pathways. 4. Describe the origin and kinds of cells/ tissues involved in human immune response. 5.What do you understand by the term transplantation? Discuss the mechanisms of allograft rejection in an immunocompetent host. 6. What do you understand by the term tolerance? Explain the mechanisms of tolerance induction. 7. Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their applications in clinical practice. UNIVERSITY OF JOS FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2010/2011 SESSSION COURSE CODE: MCB 101 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY CREDIT UNIT: 2 TIME ALLOWED: 2 HRS. INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS 1a. List and explain any eight general characteristics of microorganisms. (b). List in order the seven(7) known stages or eras in the historical development of Microbiology. 2a. Show in a tabular form the contributions of any ten (10) named pioneers in the development of Microbiology. (b) State and explain briefly Koch’s postulates. 3a. Write short notes on (i) Spontaneous generation of life and (ii) Experiment by a named scientist to disprove the theory of ‘abiogenesis’. (b) Two scientist contributed to the establishment of the ‘’Germ Theory of Diseases’’. Name the scientists and their contributions accordingly. 4a. Draw a well-labelled diagram of a typical prokaryotic cell. (b) Discuss the functions of the basic organelles of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 5a. Briefly outline the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (b) Discuss the functions of the following in the microbial cell: (i) Peptidoglycan. (ii) Teichoic acid. (iii) Porin protein.