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History of Britain ez.doc (471 KB) Pobierz HISTORY of Britain History of Britain – KEY EVENTS Patrycja Pawłowska Stonehenge completed a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire; In his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, made late in summer, was either intended as a full invasion (in which case it was unsuccessful - it gained a beachhead on the coast of Kent but Julius Caesar's achieved little else) or a reconnaissance-in-force expedition. The second was raids on Britain more successful, setting up a friendly king, Mandubracius, and forcing the submission of his rival, Cassivellaunus, although no territory was conquered and held for Rome, but was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with promised tribute of other tribes in what is now eastern England. The Roman conquest of Britain was a gradual process, beginning effectively in Claudian AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, whose general Aulus Plautius served as first conquest of governor of Britannia. Britain *divide and conquer policy - is a combination of political, military and economic strategy of gaining and maintaining power by breaking up larger concentrations 1,600 BC 55 BC and 54 BC 43 AD 84 AD Boudicca's revolt Hadrian Wall completed Roman rule ends in Britain Beginning of Anglo-Saxon invasions of Britain Christianization of Ireland by St. Patrick St. Augustine founds a monastery at Canterbury Synod of Whitby Venerable Bede completes the History of the English Church and People reign of Alfred the Great Treaty of Wedmore Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of power into chunks that individually have less power than the one implementing the strategy establishment of a number of British client kings Boudica's husband Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni tribe who had ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome, left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman Emperor in his will. However, when he died, his will was ignored — the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans. In 61 AD, while the Roman governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, was leading a campaign on the island of Anglesey in northern Wales, Boudica led the Iceni 61 AD people, along with the Trinovantes and others, in revolt. They destroyed Camulodunum (modern Colchester), formerly the capital of the Trinovantes, but now a colonia (a settlement for discharged Roman soldiers) and the site of a temple to the former emperor Claudius, which was built and maintained at local expense. They also routed a Roman legion, the IX Hispana, sent to relieve the settlement. Hadrian Wall defensive fortification in Roman Britain. Surviving in part today 129 Emperor Honorius breaks connections with Britain – the legions leave Britain for 409 the Empire. The Romano-British culture is maintained for some time. The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain was the invasion and migration of Germanic peoples from continental Europe to Great Britain during the Early 449 Middle Ages, specifically the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain after the demise of Roman rule in the 5th century. -Christianization of Ireland – peaceful -Ireland becomes the first non-Roman country which converts to Christianity from 432 St. Augustine founds Archbishopric in Canterbury, establishing Roman church in 601 the Heptarchy and beginning re-christianization the rivalry of Roman Church and Celtic Church is ended by the Synod Whitby in favor of the politically more attractive and advantageous Roman system, which 664 is later adopted by all kingdoms of the Hepartchy Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum is a work in Latin by Bede on the history of the Christian Churches in England, and of England generally; its main focus is on the conflict between Roman and Celtic Christianity.It is considered to be one 731 of the most important original references on Anglo-Saxon history. It is believed to have been completed in 731, when Bede was approximately 59 years old. Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. 871-901 The Treaty of Wedmore - the Viking leader Guthrum was baptised and accepted 878 Alfred as his adoptive father. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the 891history of the Anglo-Saxons. 1154 annals – annały (roczniki) Patryk Wojtkowski The Battle of Brunanburh was an English victory in 937 by the army of Athelstan, King of England, and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Battle of Guthfrithson, the Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Brunanburgh Owen I, King of Strathclyde. Though relatively little known today, it was called "the greatest single battle in Anglo-Saxon history before Hastings." Battle of Stamford Bridge – Anglo-Saxon victory against invading Norwegians – Battles of Hardraada is killed Stamford Battle of Hastings – Norman victory against Anglo-Saxons – Godwinson Is killed Bridge and – William the Conqueror marches towards London – crowned King of England Hastings on Christmas 1066 in Westminster Abbey The record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed Domesday in 1086. The survey was executed for William I of England (William the Book Conqueror) - the most important document in English history - signed at Runnymede near Windsor - symbol of English liberties and principles - the powers of the king limited by law - forgotten shortly after but put as an example in the 17th century Magna Carta - 63 concrete clauses dealing with the feudal situation of England Libertatum - LIMITATION of royal power - liberties for the church, barons, justice for everyone, no sentence without a trial. - approval of common council necessary for taxation - nobility acts as a social class not as vassals - Important sign of decline of feudalism The barons, led by Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, defeated Henry III in 1264 and imprisoned him. To govern the country, de Montfort in 1265 Simon de summoned a parliament that included not only barons and church officials, but Montfort's also knights of the shires (counties) and representatives of the boroughs parliament (towns). The broadening of representation in this assembly, called de Montfort's Parliament, was an important development in the evolution of the parliamentary system. Statute of Provided the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality Rhuddlan of North Wales from 1284 until 1536. - unicameral - representation of all classes with political rights - their approval for taxation Model required. Parliament - dealt with judiciary, legislation, taxation - possibility of impeachment for state dignitaries - monarchy and parliament are in equal position Battle of Was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence. It was Bannockburn one of the decisive battles of the First War of Scottish Independence. The Hundred Years War, lasting from 1337 until 1453, was a defining time for the history of both England and France. The war started in May 1337 when King Hundred Years' Philip VI of France attempted to confiscate the English territories in the duchy War of Aquitaine (located in Southwestern France). It ended in July 1453 when the French finally expelled the English from the continent (except for Calais). The 937 1066 1086 1215 1265 1284 1295 1314 13371453 Hundred Years War was a series of chevauchees (plundering raids), sieges and naval battles interspersed with truces and uneasy peace. ... Plik z chomika: INSRGNTS Inne pliki z tego folderu: akty.doc (30 KB) bitwy.doc (51 KB) Brirish monarchs.doc (25 KB) English History in points ( opracowane study questions na egzamin).docx (83 KB) FACTS TERMS AND CONCEPTS 1.doc (43 KB) Inne foldery tego chomika: - KSIĄŻKI Altered States fonologia gramatyka Inne Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin Strona główna Aktualności Kontakt Dział Pomocy Opinie Regulamin serwisu Polityka prywatności Copyright © 2012 Chomikuj.pl