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HISTORY
of Britain
History of Britain – KEY EVENTS
Patrycja
Pawłowska
Stonehenge
completed
a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire;
In his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC. The first
invasion, made late in summer, was either intended as a full invasion (in which
case it was unsuccessful - it gained a beachhead on the coast of Kent but
Julius Caesar's achieved little else) or a reconnaissance-in-force expedition. The second was
raids on Britain more successful, setting up a friendly king, Mandubracius, and forcing the
submission of his rival, Cassivellaunus, although no territory was conquered and
held for Rome, but was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with promised
tribute of other tribes in what is now eastern England.
The Roman conquest of Britain was a gradual process, beginning effectively in
Claudian
AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, whose general Aulus Plautius served as first
conquest of
governor of Britannia.
Britain
*divide and conquer policy - is a combination of political, military and economic
strategy of gaining and maintaining power by breaking up larger concentrations
1,600 BC
55 BC
and 54
BC
43 AD 84 AD
Boudicca's
revolt
Hadrian Wall
completed
Roman rule
ends in Britain
Beginning of
Anglo-Saxon
invasions of
Britain
Christianization
of Ireland by
St. Patrick
St. Augustine
founds a
monastery at
Canterbury
Synod of
Whitby
Venerable
Bede
completes the
History of the
English Church
and People
reign of Alfred
the Great
Treaty of
Wedmore
Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle
of power into chunks that individually have less power than the one
implementing the strategy  establishment of a number of British client kings
Boudica's husband Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni tribe who had ruled as a
nominally independent ally of Rome, left his kingdom jointly to his daughters
and the Roman Emperor in his will. However, when he died, his will was ignored
— the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her
daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
In 61 AD, while the Roman governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, was leading a
campaign on the island of Anglesey in northern Wales, Boudica led the Iceni 61 AD
people, along with the Trinovantes and others, in revolt. They destroyed
Camulodunum (modern Colchester), formerly the capital of the Trinovantes, but
now a colonia (a settlement for discharged Roman soldiers) and the site of a
temple to the former emperor Claudius, which was built and maintained at local
expense. They also routed a Roman legion, the IX Hispana, sent to relieve the
settlement.
Hadrian Wall defensive fortification in Roman Britain. Surviving in part today
129
Emperor Honorius breaks connections with Britain – the legions leave Britain for
409
the Empire. The Romano-British culture is maintained for some time.
The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain was the invasion and migration of
Germanic peoples from continental Europe to Great Britain during the Early
449
Middle Ages, specifically the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain after the
demise of Roman rule in the 5th century.
-Christianization of Ireland – peaceful
-Ireland becomes the first non-Roman country which converts to Christianity
from 432
St. Augustine founds Archbishopric in Canterbury, establishing Roman church in
601
the Heptarchy and beginning re-christianization
the rivalry of Roman Church and Celtic Church is ended by the Synod Whitby in
favor of the politically more attractive and advantageous Roman system, which 664
is later adopted by all kingdoms of the Hepartchy
Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum is a work in Latin by Bede on the history
of the Christian Churches in England, and of England generally; its main focus is
on the conflict between Roman and Celtic Christianity.It is considered to be one 731
of the most important original references on Anglo-Saxon history. It is believed
to have been completed in 731, when Bede was approximately 59 years old.
Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.
871-901
The Treaty of Wedmore - the Viking leader Guthrum was baptised and accepted
878
Alfred as his adoptive father.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the
891history of the Anglo-Saxons.
1154
annals – annały (roczniki)
Patryk
Wojtkowski
The Battle of Brunanburh was an English victory in 937 by the army of Athelstan,
King of England, and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III
Battle of
Guthfrithson, the Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and
Brunanburgh
Owen I, King of Strathclyde. Though relatively little known today, it was called
"the greatest single battle in Anglo-Saxon history before Hastings."
Battle of Stamford Bridge – Anglo-Saxon victory against invading Norwegians –
Battles of
Hardraada is killed
Stamford
Battle of Hastings – Norman victory against Anglo-Saxons – Godwinson Is killed
Bridge and
– William the Conqueror marches towards London – crowned King of England
Hastings
on Christmas 1066 in Westminster Abbey
The record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed
Domesday
in 1086. The survey was executed for William I of England (William the
Book
Conqueror)
- the most important document in English history - signed at Runnymede near
Windsor
- symbol of English liberties and principles - the powers of the king limited by
law
- forgotten shortly after but put as an example in the 17th century
Magna Carta
- 63 concrete clauses dealing with the feudal situation of England
Libertatum
- LIMITATION of royal power - liberties for the church, barons, justice for
everyone, no
sentence without a trial.
- approval of common council necessary for taxation
- nobility acts as a social class not as vassals
- Important sign of decline of feudalism
The barons, led by Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, defeated Henry III in
1264 and imprisoned him. To govern the country, de Montfort in 1265
Simon de
summoned a parliament that included not only barons and church officials, but
Montfort's
also knights of the shires (counties) and representatives of the boroughs
parliament
(towns). The broadening of representation in this assembly, called de
Montfort's Parliament, was an important development in the evolution of the
parliamentary system.
Statute of
Provided the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality
Rhuddlan
of North Wales from 1284 until 1536.
- unicameral
- representation of all classes with political rights - their approval for taxation
Model
required.
Parliament
- dealt with judiciary, legislation, taxation
- possibility of impeachment for state dignitaries
- monarchy and parliament are in equal position
Battle of
Was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence. It was
Bannockburn
one of the decisive battles of the First War of Scottish Independence.
The Hundred Years War, lasting from 1337 until 1453, was a defining time for
the history of both England and France. The war started in May 1337 when King
Hundred Years'
Philip VI of France attempted to confiscate the English territories in the duchy
War
of Aquitaine (located in Southwestern France). It ended in July 1453 when the
French finally expelled the English from the continent (except for Calais). The
937
1066
1086
1215
1265
1284
1295
1314
13371453
Hundred Years War was a series of chevauchees (plundering raids), sieges and
naval battles interspersed with truces and uneasy peace.
...
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