Download Unit 3: Evolution EOCT Review

Unit 3: Evolution EOCT Review
1. Like the camel, many animals that live in soft sandy areas have large wide feet compared to their body size. The large
feet are an advantage in these
environments because they —
a. Are rapidly toughened by sharp sand grains
b. Allow rapid digging in the sand
c. Distribute body weight over a large area _
d. Reduce the vibrations caused by walking
2. Lamarck was an early scientist who studied the development of characteristics in organisms over time. Which of the
following choices best describes his views
on how organisms change over time?
a. Theory of acquired characteristics _
b. Law of independent assortment
c. Theory of artificial selection
d. Theory of relative fossil-dating
3. The diagram shows undisturbed sedimentary rock strata containing fossils. Which statement best summarizes the
history of this area?
BY09A302
H: @sultraraipc/GRP_virginia/JOB_03-olptg11/DIV_g11bio-1
BY06C506
BY02B50a. The
area was once a forest and was replaced by a freshwater lake.
b. The area was once a freshwater lake and was replaced by a saltwater sea.
c. The area was once a saltwater sea and later was replaced by a coniferous
forest.
d. The area was once a saltwater sea and later was replaced by a forest.
4. Which of the following statements describes the process of natural selection?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Farmers select animals with desirable variations for breeding.
Populations sharing the same gene pool interbreed and create new species.
Individuals survive that have inherited traits adapted to their environment. _
New species are formed via genetic engineering.
5. The picture shows three columns of exposed rock that are within a three-kilometer area. According to this information,
the dominant past environment
of this area has been —
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a. arctic tundra
b. shallow marine _
c. deciduous forest
d. tropical desert
6. Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Many years ago, streptomycin easily controlled
the bacterium. Now streptomycin is much less effective against the resistant M. tuberculosis. The increasing resistance of
M. tuberculosis to streptomycin is most likely due to the increased —
Use of streptomycin for bacterial infections _
Numbers of alternatives to streptomycin
Artificial production of streptomycin
d. Early detection of bacterial infections
a.
b.
c.
7. Himalayan rabbis are white with black fur on their ears and the tips of their feet. If an icepack is placed on a rabbit’s
back, the fur will grow in black. In this
case, hair color is determined by –
a.
b.
c.
d.
Length of fur
Competition
Environmental conditions
Predation pressure
8. Which of the following is not an example of plant tropism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Geotropism
Phototropism
Elevatropism
All of the above
9. According to the biological definition of a species, which organisms listed below would belong to the same species?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Protists that are the same shape and have the same structures for movement.
Plants that have flowers with the same structures that attract the same pollinators
Animals that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Mushrooms that are the same color and can grow on trees.
10. One way to increase the number of organisms in an endangered species is to let the few remaining individuals of that
species breed. However, this breeding may also lead to species extinction because inbreeding over a short period of time
may –
a. Produce a different species
b. Increase fertility
c. Reduce genetic diversity
d. Increase beneficial mutations
11. The first life on Earth arose about _________ years ago.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.5 billion
45 billion
45 million
4.5 million
450 million
12. Mammals are now the dominant animals in most ecosystems. Which of the following is true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Mammals replaced the early amphibians as the dominant land animals
Mammals increased in diversity after the extinction of the dinosaurs
Mammals did not exist until after the extinction of the dinosaurs
Mammals have always been the dominant animals
Mammals became extinct at the same time as the dinosaurs
13. The evolution of similar adaptations in independently evolving species living in similar environments is called.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
convergence
concordant evolution
coadaptation
divergence
coevolution
14 Which event came first in Earth history?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Appearance of the first protozoans
Appearance of the first plants
Appearance of the first insects
Appearnce of O2 by prokaryotes
15. Which of these is the result of Natural selection?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The spontaneous appearance of species that, through time, do not change in appearance
The appearance of different varieties of goldfish
The appearance of pesticide-resistant insects
The appearance of different breeds of dogs
A plant producing seedless fruit
16. Analogous parts, such as the legs of a cheetah and the legs of an insect,
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Have evolved from the same structure in a common ancestor
Are due to convergent evolution and are not homologous
Are built the same way and have a very similar design
Are homologous
Are used for very different purposes
17. A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will
genetic drift probably affect the population?
a. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
b. It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
c. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
d. It will reduce genetic diversity.
18. A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon.
This change was most likely due to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Higher mutation rates on one side
Low genetic diversity of the two groups
The isolation of the two groups
Differences in reproductive rates
19. Which of the following is an example of a vesitigial structure in humans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pancreas
Thumb
Liver
Appendix
20. A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years.
Since the Island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. This allows a family tree for
each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The groups that survive
probably have
a.
b.
c.
d.
Interbred with other species
Inherited some advantageous variations
Found new places on the island to live
Been attacked by more predators
21. Which of the following is a homologous structure?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Rabbits/snails tongue
Bat’s wing/whale’s flipper
Human’s hand/ape’s knee joint
Appendix/tonsils
22. The island of Aldabra lies 400 kilometers off the coast of Africa and is home to the Aldabra Rail, a long-legged
wetland bird. The Aldabra Rail is flightless and much different from the rails living on the mainland. This
bird became a distinctly different species through —
a.
b.
c.
d.
reproductive isolation
adaptive radiation
convergence
geographic isolation
23. The picture above shows part of the pectoral girdle and limb of two flying vertebrates known as the bat and the
prehistoric pterosaur. Which bone of the pterosaur corresponds to the humerus of the bat?
a. A
b. B _
c. C
d. D
24. Natural Selection results in organisms that
a. are best adapted to the current environment
b. do not evolve in response to environmental changes
c. evolve a trait in response to need
d. are best adapted to the environment of the previous generation
e. have high rates of reproduction
25. Who developed a concept of natural selection identical to that of Darwin’s?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Lyell
Mendell
LaMarck
Wallace
McClintock
26. What name is given to a tentative explanation of a question?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
induction
observation
theory
deduction
hypothesis
27. Which of these is LaMarck best known for?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
inheritance of acquired characterisitics
being the captain of the Beagle
detemining the structure of DNA
proposing that gradual geological processes shape Earth
natural selection
28. According to the theory of natural selection, a species that lacks the variations to adapt to a
changing environment will most likely
a.
b.
c.
d.
become dormant
mutate
become extinct
fossilize
29. In which type of environment did this fossilized fish most likely live?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Deep ocean trench
A coral reef
A freshwater lake _
Near an ocean vent
30. According to the diagram, during the last 40 million years, the structure of the horse’s foot has —
a. Lost its toes _
b. Become smaller
c. Grown toes
d. Remained the same size