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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Bacteria and Archaea _____ 1. How many domains of living things are there? a. one b. two c. three d. four _____ 2. The oldest forms of life on Earth are in the domains a. Bacteria and Archaea. b. Bacteria and Eukarya. c. Eukarya and Archaea. d. Bacteria and Fungi. SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA _____ 3. Bacteria are usually a. rod shaped, spherical, or spiral shaped. b. rod shaped, spherical, or cone shaped. c. rod shaped, pyramidal, or spherical. d. cube shaped, spherical, or spiral shaped. _____ 4. What gives bacteria their shape? a. their size b. their environment c. their color d. their cell wall Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 5. rod shaped bacteria, with a large surface area to take in nutrients _____ 6. long, spiral shaped bacteria, with flagella at both ends to move like a corkscrew a. cocci b. bacilli c. spirilla _____ 7. spherical, they do not dry out as quickly as other bacteria 8. Hairlike parts that spin to push a bacterium through water or other liquids are called ______________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 1 Bacteria and Viruses Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading A continued 9. An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus is called a .______________________ 10. Cells with a nucleus are called ______________________. 11. What are three ways that prokaryotes are like eukaryotes? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 12. What are three ways that prokaryotes function differently from eukaryotes? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ ______________________ 13. Asexual reproduction in a single-celled organism by which one cell divides into two single-celled organisms is called .______________________ 14. What are the four steps of reproduction by binary fission? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 15. A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions is called a(n) .______________________ 16. What may happen to endospores when conditions improve in areas that have been hot, cold, or very dry? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ THE DOMAIN BACTERIA _____ 17. Most known prokaryotes are a. archaea. b. protista. c. fungi. d. bacteria. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 2 Bacteria and Viruses Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading A continued _____ 18. The domain that has more individuals than all other domains combined is a. Fungi. b. Archaea. c. Bacteria. d. Eukarya. _____ 19. Most bacteria are a. consumers. b. producers. c. decomposers. d. scavengers. Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 20. bacteria that feed on dead organisms a. producers _____ 21. bacteria that eat other organisms, or live in or on the body of another b. decomposers c. consumers _____ 22. bacteria that use energy from sunlight to make their own food 23. Producer bacteria that contain the green pigment chlorophyll are called ______________________ 24. What are two effects of pigments found in cyanobacteria? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 25. How do some scientists believe bacteria similar to cyanobacteria helped give rise to the first plants on Earth, billions of years ago? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 3 Bacteria and Viruses Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading A continued THE DOMAIN ARCHAEA Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 26. archaea that live in ocean vents and hot springs, at temperatures between 60 C and 80 C _____ 27. archaea that live in salty environments, such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake a. salt lovers b. methane makers c. heat lovers _____ 28. archaea that live in swamps and animal intestines 29. What kind of environment do archaea prefer? _______________________________________________________________ 30. What are three extreme environments where archaea have been found? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 31. What is one difference between the cells of archaea and the cells of bacteria? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 4 Bacteria and Viruses