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Download Study Guide 24-4 – Other Objects in the Solar System
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1 Study Guide 24-4 – Other Objects in the Solar System (Comets, Meteoroids, and asteroids) Ms. Grady What are the other objects in the Solar System besides planets? 1. Meteorites 2. Meteoroids 3. Asteroids 4. Stars 5. Comets Comet is made up of dust + rock particles + ice (frozen water, methane, ammonia) orbiting the sun. The core of a comet is The cloud of dust Nucleus (core) + coma called the nucleus.→ surrounding the (cloud of dust forming nucleus is called the the nucleus) forms coma.→ the head. Solar wind of the sun blows the coma outward into a long tail. Tail away from the sun When a comet gets closer to the Sun or approaches the Sun, it begins to melt from the heat of the Sun. When a comet melts, some of the rocks fall into space and become meteoroids. Most of 100,000 comets in the Solar System orbit over and over. Halley’s comet returns every 75-79 years Some take thousands of years 2 Oort Cloud = spherical cloud of comets about 50,000 AU (astronomical units) from the Sun Sometimes the comets in the Oort Cloud are pulled toward the Sun. As they near the sun, they begin to melt which forms a cloud around its core. Kuiper Belt Kuiper Belt – part of the Solar System extending from 30 – 55 AU It is composed of (made up of) small bodies of rock, metal, and ice. 3 Meteroids – pieces of comets leftover or broken asteroids When the meteoroids fall into our atmosphere and rub against the gases, friction causes it to burn, which produces a streak of light known as a meteor or shooting star.→ Meteriods fall + rub against gases →friction causes it to burn →produces a streak of light called a meteor or shooting star. Those that strike the earth are called meteorites.→ Meteorites are big enough not to be burned up and sometimes rocks hit the Earth which can leave craters. ←Example, Barringer Crater in Arizona 4 Most asteroids are located in an area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This is known as the Asteroid Belt → Why are they located there? Jupiter’s gravity might have kept a planet from forming in the area where the asteroid belt is located. The Near Earth Asteroid The data showed that Eros has Rendezvous (Near) occurred in 2000 many craters and is similar to when a spacecraft went into orbit Meteorites on Earth. around the asteroid 433 Eros and gathered data.→ In 2005, the Japanese probe, ‘Haryabusa’ collected samples. Scientists study space objects (comets, asteroids and meteorites) to learn what the solar system might have been like long ago and to understand how the Earth formed.