Download Bacteria Notes - Effingham County Schools

Bacteria - Notes
What are bacteria?
Bacteria are unicellular.
What does a common
bacterial cell look like?
Name: ______________
I. All bacteria are _______________________________- single celled organisms
that lack a nucleus.
A.___________________________
B. __________________________
C. __________________________
D. __________________________
E. __________________________
F. __________________________
What are the two
groups of bacteria
(prokaryotes)?
How are bacteria
classified?
II______________ Prokaryotes - all prokaryotes were once in Kingdom
________________________; now divided into 2 Domains
A. Bacteria contains Kingdom ____________________
1. Largest group
2. Can live almost anywhere, even in your intestines. (ex. E.-coli)
3. Have cell walls
4. Unicellular
B. Archaea contains Kingdom ____________________________
1. Live in extreme environments (ex. __________________ and
Halophiles)
2. Have cell walls
3. Unicellular
III_________________Prokaryotes - use shape, cell wall chemical structure,
movement, method of obtaining energy and releasing energy, and growth and
reproduction.
A. Shape- 3 types
1. ________________-rod shaped
2. ________________- sphere shaped
3. ________________- corkscrew shaped
B Cell wall structure- 2 types, identified by Gram staining (used for prescribing
antiobiotics)
1. Cell wall containing mainly peptidoglycan, appear purple,
________________________
2. Cell wall with extra outer layer of lipids, appear red, ______________
C. _________________________- some have flagella (long whip-like tail), some
glide on slime, some don’t move
D. Obtaining Energy
1. ____________________________- (Autotrophs) make their own food
a. Examples: cyanobacteria – carry out photosynthesis
2. ____________________________ - (Heterotrophs) most prokaryotes
consume food
E. Releasing energy- 3 ways to release energy from food.
1. ________________________- use cellular respiration, need oxygen
2. ________________________- use fermentation, poisoned by oxygen
3. Facultative anaerobes- use fermentation or cellular respiration (can live
anywhere)
F. Growth and Reproduction
1. __________________________- asexual reproduction, produces two
identical daughters cells, most bacteria do this
What role do bacteria
play in nature?
A. __________________________- capture sun’s energy through photosynthesis,
food source for consumers, and produce oxygen
B. ___________________________- bacteria help recycle nutrients by breaking
down dead organisms; they break down complex compounds into simpler ones.
C. _______________________________- bacteria are the only known organisms
on Earth that can take nitrogen out of the air and turn it into a form that can be used
by plants
1. Some plants (legumes) even have a symbiotic relationship in which
bacteria live on their roots and help them absorb nitrogen.
D. __________________ - bacteria are used in the process of making food items
like yogurt, cheese, pickles, sausages, sour kraut, and many others.
How do bacteria cause
disease?
Bacteria are pathogens. This means they cause disease.
A. _____________________________ cause disease 2 ways.
1. Heterotrophic bacteria can break down body tissue-Tuberculosis
2. Bacteria can release ____________________ (poisons).
Streptococcus- toxins cause rash called scarlet fever.
How are bacterial
diseases treated or
prevented?
A. Prevent bacterial diseases with __________________, made from another form
of the bacteria, stimulates human immune system to fight back.
B. Bacterial infections are treated with ___________________________,
substances that stop bacterial reproduction.
C. Controlling bacteria- __________________________ destroys bacteria by
using great heat or chemicals.
Where is the most
bacteria?