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Bacteria - Notes What are bacteria? Bacteria are unicellular. What does a common bacterial cell look like? Name: ______________ I. All bacteria are _______________________________- single celled organisms that lack a nucleus. A.___________________________ B. __________________________ C. __________________________ D. __________________________ E. __________________________ F. __________________________ What are the two groups of bacteria (prokaryotes)? How are bacteria classified? II______________ Prokaryotes - all prokaryotes were once in Kingdom ________________________; now divided into 2 Domains A. Bacteria contains Kingdom ____________________ 1. Largest group 2. Can live almost anywhere, even in your intestines. (ex. E.-coli) 3. Have cell walls 4. Unicellular B. Archaea contains Kingdom ____________________________ 1. Live in extreme environments (ex. __________________ and Halophiles) 2. Have cell walls 3. Unicellular III_________________Prokaryotes - use shape, cell wall chemical structure, movement, method of obtaining energy and releasing energy, and growth and reproduction. A. Shape- 3 types 1. ________________-rod shaped 2. ________________- sphere shaped 3. ________________- corkscrew shaped B Cell wall structure- 2 types, identified by Gram staining (used for prescribing antiobiotics) 1. Cell wall containing mainly peptidoglycan, appear purple, ________________________ 2. Cell wall with extra outer layer of lipids, appear red, ______________ C. _________________________- some have flagella (long whip-like tail), some glide on slime, some don’t move D. Obtaining Energy 1. ____________________________- (Autotrophs) make their own food a. Examples: cyanobacteria – carry out photosynthesis 2. ____________________________ - (Heterotrophs) most prokaryotes consume food E. Releasing energy- 3 ways to release energy from food. 1. ________________________- use cellular respiration, need oxygen 2. ________________________- use fermentation, poisoned by oxygen 3. Facultative anaerobes- use fermentation or cellular respiration (can live anywhere) F. Growth and Reproduction 1. __________________________- asexual reproduction, produces two identical daughters cells, most bacteria do this What role do bacteria play in nature? A. __________________________- capture sun’s energy through photosynthesis, food source for consumers, and produce oxygen B. ___________________________- bacteria help recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organisms; they break down complex compounds into simpler ones. C. _______________________________- bacteria are the only known organisms on Earth that can take nitrogen out of the air and turn it into a form that can be used by plants 1. Some plants (legumes) even have a symbiotic relationship in which bacteria live on their roots and help them absorb nitrogen. D. __________________ - bacteria are used in the process of making food items like yogurt, cheese, pickles, sausages, sour kraut, and many others. How do bacteria cause disease? Bacteria are pathogens. This means they cause disease. A. _____________________________ cause disease 2 ways. 1. Heterotrophic bacteria can break down body tissue-Tuberculosis 2. Bacteria can release ____________________ (poisons). Streptococcus- toxins cause rash called scarlet fever. How are bacterial diseases treated or prevented? A. Prevent bacterial diseases with __________________, made from another form of the bacteria, stimulates human immune system to fight back. B. Bacterial infections are treated with ___________________________, substances that stop bacterial reproduction. C. Controlling bacteria- __________________________ destroys bacteria by using great heat or chemicals. Where is the most bacteria?