Download Name: Period: ______ Homework: Chapter 23

Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: _____________
Homework: Chapter 23-Digestive System
Date: ______________
Using textbook, Chapter 23 pp883-941 and other outside sources. complete by _________________
1. Match the descriptions in Column B with the appropriate terms in Column A. Some numbers in Column A may have
more than one Letter answer from Column B
COLUMN B
COLUMN A
_____C_____1. Ingestion
______F____2. Peristalsis
______D____3. Mechanical digestion
______H____4. Chemical Digestion
______G____5. Hydrolysis
______I____6. Segmentation
A. transport of nutrients from lumen of GI tract to blood or
lymph
B. Elimination of feces
C. Eating
D. Chewing
E. Churning
_____A_____7. Absorption
F. Smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through
the GI tract
_______B___8. Defecation
G. Breaking a bond by use of a water molecule
H. Using enzymes to catabolize large biomolecules
I. alternate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of
small intestine to move foodstuffs forward and backward
2. Many types of cells make up the GI tract. Match the cell with a description
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
__B___1. enteroendocrine cells
__I___2. chief cells
__D___3. parietal cells
___J__4. zymogenic cells
___E__5. goblet cells
___G__6. simple columnar et cells
__H___7.hepatocytes
__A___8. Kupffer cells
__C___9. mucous neck cells
__F___10. stratified squamous et cells
a. Liver macrophages (white blood cells)
b. produce hormones like gastrin and secretin
c. produce thin, acid mucous; function unknown
d. produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor
e. produce mucous throughout GI tract
f. lines mouth and anal canal
g. lines most of the GI tract; have microvilli in small intestine
h. liver cells
i. produce pepsinogen which becomes pepsin
j. any cells that produce enzymes
3. Review these anatomy words for the digestive system by matching with a description
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
___P__1. Appendix
__O,V___2. Colon
___I__3. Esophagus
__H___4. greater omentum
__K___5. haustra
___M__6. ileocecal valve
__A___7. mesentery
___L__8. microvilli
__E___9. oral cavity
_U____10. parietal peritoneum
__C___11. Peyer's patches
__G___12. pharynx
__D___13. Plicae cirulares (large circular folds)
__R___14. Pyloric valve
a. sheets of peritoneal membrane that holds the digestive tract,
especially the small intestine, in place; looks lacy; has blood vessels
b. finger-like projections of small intestine mucosa that increases
surface area
c. collections of lymph tissue found in submucosa of small intestine
d. folds of small intestine that increase surface area
e. anatomical region involved in mechanical digestion
f. helps to mix food in mouth; initiates swallowing
g. common passage for food and air
h. attached to greater curvature of stomach; contains fat deposits
i. food chute; voluntary muscle at top; then turns to smooth muscle
j. folds of the stomach
k. saclike outpouchings of large intestine
l. projections of cell membrane; increase surface area
___J__15. Rugae
m. sphincter between end of small intestine and beginning of large
intestine
__N,T___16. small intestine
n. responsible for absorption of food and water
_E_,Q___17. stomach
o. primarily water absorption and feces formation
__F___18. tongue
p. blind-ended tube hanging from cecum
__S___19. uvula
q. organ in which proteins are denatured and pepsin is present
__B___20. villi
r. sphincter that regulates movement of food from stomach to
duodenum
s. this hangs from the posterior edge of the soft palate
t. where pancreatic juice and bile are secreted
u. serosa of abdominal cavity wall
v. major site of vitamin K and B production
5. What is the function of the hepatic portal circulation? to take blood from villi capillaries that now contains absorbed
sugars and amino acids to the liver for processing
6. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion? mechanical digestion does NOT involve breaking
chemical bonds; just breaking food into smaller and smaller pieces...Chemical involves breaking bonds to get monomers
from polymers
7. What is the difference between digestion and absorption? digestion is breaking food apart but absorbtion is getting
food monomers into blood or lymph
8. Name the four layers of the alimentary canal from the lumen outward.
a.__mucosa_____
c. muscularis externa
b.__submucosa_______
d. serosa
9. What are the enhancements of the small intestine that increase its surface area?
a.length
b.circular folds
c.villi
d.microvilli
10.
a. Chemical digestion of starch begins in the mouth with the secretion of the enzyme salivary amylase
b. Chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach with the secretion of the enzyme pepsin
c. Chemical digestion of fats begins in the small intestine with the secretion of the enzyme lipase
11.
ENZYME
Substrate
Product
Secreted by
Active in what area
Salivary amylase
starch
oligosaccharides
Salivary glands
mouth
Pepsin
proteins
Small peptides
Chief cells
stomach
Trypsin
proteins
Small peptides
pancreas
Small intestine
Dipeptidiase
dipeptides
Single amino acids
Brush border
Small intestine
Pancreatic amylase
starch
oligosaccharides
pancreas
Small intestine
Lipase
fats
Monoglycerides
pancreas
Small intestine
and free fatty acids
Maltase
maltose
Two glucose
Brush border
Small intestine
carboxypeptidiase
Small polypeptides
Dipeptides and
Brush border
Small intestine
amino acids
COLUMN B
12. Match the hormones that function as described
COLUMN A
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
__C,A___1. two hormones that stimulate the pancreas to release its secretions B. Gastrin
___B____2. hormone that stimulates increased production of gastric juice
C. Secretin
___A____3. Hormone that causes gall bladder to contract and release bile
D. Somatostatin
___C____4. hormone that causes liver to increase output of bile
D,C,A__5. these 3 hormones inhibit gastric mobility and gastric secretions
COLUMN B
13. Match the terms to complete the statements
COLUMN A
A. bicarbonate-rich fluid
____B___1. mechanical food breakdown in the mouth
B. chewing(mastication)
___F____2. the thought of a favorite food can increase saliva production
C. churning
____E___3. keeps cells ling stomach from being digested by stomach enzymes
D. deglutition (swallowing)
____C___4. third layer of smooth muscle in stomach allows it to do this
E. mucus
__A_____5. acidic chyme from the stomach is neutralized in the duodenum by
this fluid from the pancreas
F. psychological stimulus
14. Various types of foods are ingested and broken down to their monomers (building blocks). Choose terms from
column B that complete the following statements. Some may have more than one term.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
A. amino acids
L. Meat & fish
__B__1. Examples of dietary carbohydrates
F,G,H_2.Three common monosaccharaides
B. bread & pasta
M. starch
___H___3. Most important sugar because we use it for
Cellular respiration
C. Cheese & beans
N. Sucrose
I,J,N 4. Three common disaccharides
____M__5. The digestible polysaccharide
__D___6. Indigestible polysaccharide; important source of fiber
__C,L__7. Protein rich foods include these groups
D. Cellulose
E. Fatty Acids
F. Fructose
G. Galactose
H. Glucose
__A _8. Protein must be broken into these monomers before
They can be absorbed
I. Lactose
_K,E__9. Fats are broken down to these building blocks
J. Maltose
K. glycerol and monoglycerides
15. This exercise concerns the chemical breakdown of food and absorption. Select the appropriate term/s.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
____K____1. Starch digestion begins in the mouth when______________
A. amino acids
Is ducted in by the salivary glands.
B. bile
_____D___2. Proteins are denatured by ________
C. brush border enzymes
____I____3. Stomach enzyme that acts upon proteins
D. HCl
___C_____4. Enzymes from the small intestine itself are_________
E. Intrinsic factor
_____B___5. Substance that emulsifies fats in the small intestine
F. lacteal
____J____6. Enzymes like trypsin, chymotrypsin, aminopeptidiase, and
Dipeptidiase are grouped together as ________
G. lipases
_____F___7. Chylomicrons are exocytosed and enter the _____ for
Absorption into the lymph system
__G_____8. Fats are broken down by ________________
___L____9. Required for calcium absorption
__E_____10. Required for Vitamin B12 absorption in large intestine
__A,H___11. Transport of these is active and coupled with Na+ ions
_A,H__12. Go to the liver for processing via hepatic portal vein
H. glucose and Galactose
I. pepsin
J. Proteases
K. Salivary amylase
L. Vitamin D