Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Natural environment wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Synthetic biology wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Animal nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Homeostasis wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Biology 30 Module 2 Assignment 6 Copyright: Ministry of Education, Saskatchewan May be reproduced for educational purposes Biology 30 115 Assignment 6 Biology 30 116 Assignment 6 Biology 30 117 Assignment 6 Biology 30 118 Assignment 6 Assignment 6 Values (40) A. Multiple Choice: Select the word or phrase which best completes each of the following statements and place a check () beside it. 1. Removal of liquid wastes from a Paramecium takes place mainly through the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 2. 4. a. b. c. d. plants do not produce wastes plants can reuse all of their wastes none of the plant wastes are harmful or toxic other methods of dealing with wastes are utilized Some internal parasites, such as tapeworms, lack excretory systems since they ***. ____ a. ____ b. ____ ____ c. d. are able to safely store the few wastes which they produce absorb already digested nutrients from their hosts so that byproducts are not produced within their own bodies absorb energy directly from the hosts have wastes that diffuse out of their segments or bodies directly into the hosts' fluids Malpighian tubules collect wastes from blood sinuses and empty them into the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ Biology 30 contractile vacuole anal pore cilia plasma membrane Plants lack cells or tissues exclusively adapted for dealing with wastes. This means that ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 3. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. cloaca intestine green gland rectum 119 Assignment 6 5. 6. Nitrogen wastes in birds are usually converted to uric acid crystals. This is particularly important to the development of bird embryos within egg shells as ***. ____ a. ____ b. ____ c. ____ d. The outer area of a kidney, where glomeruli are concentrated, is the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 7. pyramid pelvis medulla cortex a. b. c. d. diffusion osmosis reverse osmosis active transport The action carried out by the kidney tubule cells in reabsorbing glucose back against a higher concentration into body circulation is supported by the presence of larger numbers of ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ Biology 30 a. b. c. d. Cells lining kidney tubules containing the initial urine can remove useful glucose molecules and transfer them back to nearby capillaries. This continues even as glucose molecules become more concentrated in the capillaries. The process responsible for this must be ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 8. the crystals can join to and become part of the egg shell itself uric acid is almost completely insoluble and nontoxic and can therefore be stored safely within the egg uric acid crystals are highly soluble in gases and can pass easily through the egg shell the crystals occupy just a small fraction of the volume that the original nitrogen wastes do a. b. c. d. mitochondria nuclei pores in their membranes ribosomes 120 Assignment 6 9. All of the following function in an excretory role, EXCEPT one. Select the EXCEPTION. ____ ____ ____ ____ 10. Biology 30 a. b. c. d. proteins lipids carbohydrates glucose A large amount of water is reabsorbed from the original urine in the kidney tubules back into the circulatory system. Another area where a large amount of water is reabsorbed before wastes are eliminated is the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 12. Lung. Kidney. Salivary gland. Sweat gland. Production of urea is most evident in organisms which carry out greater amounts of cellular respiration of ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 11. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. lung sweat gland large intestine liver Of the following processes, the one most critical to a saltwater or ocean fish is ***. ____ ____ a. b. ____ ____ c. d. taking enough salt into its body keeping its gills salt-free so that waste gases can diffuse out getting rid of water from its body fast enough being able to take in enough water to make up for losses 121 Assignment 6 13. 14. For a freshwater fish, excretion of water occurs because ***. ____ a. ____ b. ____ c. ____ d. Movement of water through the stomata of a leaf out into the atmosphere is known as ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 15. 16. a. b. c. d. transpiration capillarity vaporization respiration A major function of a kidney is to ***. ____ ____ ____ a. b. c. ____ d. remove dead blood cells break down urea, so it is less harmful to the body try to keep the levels of certain substances in the blood constant remove glycogen from body fluids when there is an excess and return it to the system when there is a shortage The action of panting, carried out by some organisms when they experience uncomfortable warmth, has a temperature effect similar to our own action of ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ Biology 30 a higher mineral-salt concentration in body cells causes water to move in water outside the body has a higher mineral-salt concentration the fish must remove excess minerals and salts from their bodies a fish is continually "gulping" water a. b. c. d. breathing with our mouths open sweating speeding up the breathing rates losing more water vapor from our lung surfaces 122 Assignment 6 17. Normally, the following substance that is almost completely absorbed back into the circulatory system in the human kidney is ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 18. Biology 30 a. b. c. d. Mammal. Bird. Freshwater fish. Saltwater fish. Oxygen in a plant is likely a waste when that plant is ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 20. urea uric acid glucose water Of the following, the one that would usually produce the most dilute urine is ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 19. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. respiring photosynthesizing dead in a dark area The urethra ***. ____ ____ a. b. ____ c. ____ d. carries urine from the kidney to the bladder carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body is an area from which much water is reabsorbed back into the body draws out more salts and minerals from the blood 123 Assignment 6 B. (11) Biology 30 Short Answer: Answer the questions in the spaces provided. 1. a. Distinguish between secretion and excretion. b. Give one example of secretion and one example of excretion. c. Name a substance which can be either a secretion or an excretion and briefly explain why it can be either. d. List five separate organs or structures in the human body associated with excretion. 124 Assignment 6 (12) 2. a. State three factors which make excretion or egestion in plants less of a problem than it is for animals. b. Research question Read the following statement taken from Lesson 6. “… Other plants can temporarily or permanently convert the toxic nitrogen compounds into non-toxic amides or alkaloids, which can be safely stored in leaves or fruits. Nicotine, morphine, caffeine and digitalis are all such stored wastes.” Indicate how each of these “stored wastes” is useful to humans. Biology 30 125 Assignment 6 c. Research question Most vascular plants have difficulty living, or surviving, in salty waters or salty soils. Some salt tolerant varieties (halophytes) are able to do so mainly by actively absorbing dissolved salts and minerals into their root cells. What effect does this have on water movements and why? (Hint: consider Osmosis) d. Biology 30 What two factors appear to be most responsible for the process of natural leaf fall from the deciduous trees of Saskatchewan? 126 Assignment 6 (8) 3. a. i. Many unicellular or simple, multicellular organisms are able to exist without any structures specifically designed for waste removal. How are they able to do this? ii. Multicellular organisms which are completely without, or have only simple, excretory systems are either water dwelling or are in very moist environments. Why is this type of living condition important to them? Biology 30 127 Assignment 6 b. Some multicellular organisms could have flame cells, nephridia or Malpighian tubules. Choose one of these systems and after naming it, give an example of one organism or a group of organisms with the system. Describe the general features of the system including the way excretion occurs. System chosen: ________________________________________ Found in: _______________________________________________ Description: Biology 30 128 Assignment 6 (5) Biology 30 4. From the illustration of a kidney nephron, select and match the number which best corresponds to each statement. ____ a. ____ ____, ____ ____ b. c. d. Much water is reabsorbed from the urine from this part. The initial filtering action occurs from this. Most of this (these) lie in the medulla of a kidney. Carries urine to the pelvis of a kidney. 129 Assignment 6 (14) 5. a. b. What problem is present for organisms which ingest and metabolize large amounts of proteins? i. What are two differences between uric acid and urea? Uric Acid ii. Biology 30 Urea 1. 1. 2. 2. State two advantages to some groups or organisms in producing uric acid instead of urea. 130 Assignment 6 Biology 30 c. Only about 0.1% of the blood initially filtered out in the human kidneys is eventually removed as urine. In other words, a significant amount of resorption occurs. Why is it so important that this amount of resorption occur? d. An excretory system not only rids a body of waste materials, but also has a very important regulatory effect upon it. Perhaps using the human system as a reference, provide a general explanation of how an excretory system can function as a “regulator”. 131 Assignment 6 (10) 6. Consider the substances listed in the table below. Complete the table by indicating if each of the substances are present or absent in each of the blood, filtrate and urine. (Consider this as a normal situation). Substance Blood Filtrate Urine Protein Glucose Urea Water Salts Amino Acids _____ (100) Biology 30 132 Assignment 6