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Corrosion Glossary - N Nanometer: abbreviated "nm", a unit of length equal to one thousandth of a micrometer. Naphtha: a petroleum distillate used mostly by professionals for cleanup and to thin solvent-based coatings. A volatile organic compound (see VOC). Natural aging: spontaneous aging of a supersaturated solid solution at room temperature. See also aging. Compare with artificial aging. Natural circulation: the circulation of water in a boiler caused by differences in density. Natural gas: gaseous fuel occurring in nature. Natural resins: resins from trees, plants, fish and insects. Negative charge: the electrical charge on an electrode or ion in solution, due to the presence of an excess of electrons. (See electron, anion.) Negative head: a condition of negative pressure or partial vacuum. Negative pressure: a pressure below that of the surrounding atmospheric pressure at a specific point; a partial vacuum. Nernst equation: an equation that expresses the exact electromotive force of a cell in terms of the activities of products and reactants of the cell. Net positive suction head required (NPSHR): this is the minimum head required to stop the pump from cavitating when it is pumping cold water. Neutral: in electrical systems, the term used to indicate neither an excess nor a lack of electrons; a condition of balance between positive and negative charges. In chemistry, the term used to indicate a balance between acids and bases; the neutral point on the pH scale is 7.0, indicating the presence of equal numbers of free hydrogen (acidic) and hydroxide (basic) ions. Neutralization: the addition of either an acid or a base to a solution to control its pH. The use of alkaline or basic materials to neutralize the acidity of some waters is a common practice in water conditioning. Neutralizer: A common designation for alkaline materials such as calcite (calcium carbonate) or magnesia (magnesium oxide) used in the neutralization of acid waters. Neutron embrittlement: embrittlement resulting from bombardment with neutrons, usually encountered in metals that have been exposed to a neutron flux in the core of a reactor. In steels, neutron embrittlement is evidenced by a rise in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. Nickel plating: the electrolytic deposition of nickel to form a corrosion barrier or to reclaim a worn part. Can also include hard ceramic particles to from a wear resistant composite coating. Nitriding: introducing nitrogen into the surface layer of a solid ferrous alloy by holding at a suitable temperature in contact with a nitrogenous material, usually ammonia or molten cyanide of appropriate composition. Quenching is not required to produce a hard case. Nitrocarburizing: any of several processes in which both nitrogen and carbon are absorbed into the surface layers of a ferrous material at temperatures below the lower critical temperature and, by diffusion, create a concentration gradient. Nitrocarburizing is performed primarily to provide an anti scuffling surface layer and to improve fatigue resistance. Nitrogen: diatomic gas. Used as a primary and secondary gas in plasma spraying. Inert to most materials, with some exceptions like titanium. Nitrogen dioxide: gas molecule consisting of one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms that is a combustion by-product of burning fossil fuels. The combustion temperature is high enough to oxidize atmospheric nitrogen. Noble: the positive (increasingly oxidizing) direction of electrode potential. Noble metal: a metal with a standard electrode potential that is more noble (positive) than that of hydrogen. Noble potential: a potential more cathodic (positive) than the standard hydrogen potential. Nodular powder: irregular particles having Knotted, rounded, or similar shapes. Non carbonate hardness: water hardness due to the presence of compounds such as calcium and magnesium chlorides, sulfates or nitrates; the excess of total hardness over total alkalinity. Nonrenewable: not able to be replaced. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources. Nonvolatile: the portion of a coating left after the solvent evaporates; sometimes called the solids content. Normal solution: an aqueous solution containing one gram equivalent of the active reagent in 1 liter of the solution. Normal stress: the stress component perpendicular to a plane on which forces act. Normalizing: heating a ferrous alloy to a suitable temperature above the transformation range and then cooling in air to a temperature substantially below the transformation range. NOX: abbreviation for all of the family of oxides of nitrogen. Nozzle: a short flanged or welded neck connection on a drum or shell for the outlet or inlet of fluids; also a projecting spout through which a fluid flows. NPSHR: net positive suction head required.