Download Chapter 11 Study Guide

Chapter 11, 12, 16 Study Guide
Answer these questions on a separate piece of paper. Especially for this chapter, the importance of studying and
understanding your vocabulary cannot be emphasized enough. If you need additional practice, finish the questions attached
with the note packet.
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Distinguish between the terms gene, allele, character, and trait.
Distinguish between a dominant and a recessive allele.
Distinguish between phenotype and genotype.
Distinguish between complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance,
A. Using the character of fur color in tigers (blue is dominant over yellow), show the expected P- F2 generations
given a cross between two parents pure for the contrasting fur colors.
b. What are the probabilities (fraction, percent, and ratio) for the genotypes/phenotypes in the F1 and F2
generations?
6. What does it mean for a character to “skip a generation?” Explain how this is possible.
7. Consider two pea plants that are hybrid for two characters: tall (over short) and green (over yellow).
a. What are the genotypes of the parents?
b. What are the possible gametes for each parent?
c. Show a dihybrid cross between those parents.
d. List the probabilities for the possible genotypes and phenotypes.
8. Explain a situation where it is appropriate to use a test cross. Predict the results and information that can be
gathered from a test cross.
9. A. Explain polygenic inheritance including an example.
b. Explain multiple alleles including an example.
10. A. Explain the law of segregation and its importance to genetics.
b. Explain the law of independent assortment and its importance to genetics.
11. Attached earlobes (e) are recessive in humans. Unattached earlobes are dominant (E).
Make a cross between two people with hybrid unattached earlobes.
1. What are the possible genotypes of their offspring?
2. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring?
3. What is the probability that their offspring will also have hybrid
unattached earlobes?
4. What is the probability that their offspring will have attached earlobes?
12. Make a cross between a mom with O blood type and a dad with AB blood
type.
1. What are the possible GENOTYPES of the offspring?
2. What is the probability the offspring will have
A type blood __________
B type blood __________
O type blood __________
AB type blood __________
3. Which offspring will the mother be able to accept blood from?
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What chromosomes can human sperm and egg have? What chromosomes determine a female? Male?
How many chromosomes does a normal human have? How many are autosomes? Sex chromosomes?
What is the difference between a somatic mutation and a gamete mutation in terms of its offspring?
What is the difference between an autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant disorder?
What causes a mutation? Why can mutations be considered beneficial?
What is a pedigree and what can it be used for? What do circles, squares, filled in shapes, and half-filled shapes
represent in a pedigree?
19.
a. Why is colorblindness more common in males than females?
b. What is the proportion of males:females that suffer from sickle cell anemia? Explain why this is the case.
20. What is a carrier? How do they contribute to the fact that more people have autosomal recessive disorders than
autosomal dominant disorders?
21. What is shown in a karyotype? How can it be used?
22. What does the Human Genome Project attempt to do?
23. What is the purpose of gene therapy?
24. Outline the process of how a scientist can use bacteria to produce insulin.
25. Why do scientists use bacterial plasmids for the process above? What do you call a plasmid that has DNA from
two different sources?
26. What are restriction enzymes and their purpose in genetic engineering?
27. What is the purpose of PCR? Gel electrophoresis?
28. What is genetic engineering and its purpose?
29. What is the chance that two people without hemophilia (both their fathers had hemophilia) have a child with
hemophilia? A son with hemophilia? Show your work.
30. What is the probability that a father with CF and a mother that is a carrier for CF have a child with CF? A
daughter with CF?
Know the type of inheritance, causes, effects and characteristics of the genetic disorders on your chart.
Make sure you study your notes, vocabulary, worksheets, chart and homework.
31. The pedigree shows the inheritance of an unknown disorder in three generations of a family.
a. Determine the inheritance of this disorder.
b. Predict the genotype of all individuals.