Download “The Great Global Convergence 1400

“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
Unit
I.
Introductory Content:
i. What is history?: Study of change over time, etc.
ii. Prehistory (10,000 B.C.E to 1 C.E.) to 1400: Climate stability following the end
of the Ice Age = cultural changes: hunter/gathering to societies = increase
exchange of knowledge. Hunter/gatherer to agriculture (wheat, Fertile Crescent =
population increased, need for food, agriculture increase) and domestication.
Civilizations arise: writing exist, social hierarchy, irrigation, government, defense,
specialized jobs, trade. Examples: (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, Chinese)
to (Empires: Athenian, Han, Roman, Mauryan).
iii. Geography: Branches: physical and human; cardinal directions; perspectives:
local, regional, global; 5 themes of geography: (Location ‘absolute / relative’;
Place; Regions; Human-Environment Interaction; Movement); map skills; culture
(develops; changes; regions); cultural diffusion: spread of ideas, inventions, or
other cultural elements from one society to another.
iv. Government: Philosophy; structure; types: democracy, communism,
socialism; theocracy.
v. Economics: Allocation of resources; trade; types: capitalism, command.
vi. Religions: Types: monotheistic, polytheistic, animism; Five major
religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism), and elements of
their belief structure: tenets, location, text, practices. (Confucianism, Crusades)
v. Language: geography, changes, tool of an empire.
Unit
II.
Age of Discovery / Exploration / “First Global Age”
i. Introductory Context:
- Theme: first civilizations decline and new “empires” rise and
Decline of Feudalism because:
1. Military technology = no need for castles / lords.
2. Reforms: politically (England and the 100 Years War versus France, 13371453, brought about weakened nobility, thereby a rise in monarchy).
3. Economic: Feudal agricultural model declines: reduced by increase
“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
opportunities for peasants when Bubonic plague slowed trade and commerce.
4. Politically: Socially war and disease challenged feudal structure = Habeas
Corpus, Magna Carta (individual rights and liberties)
5. Black Death
- Significant people
- Vocabulary: (globalization, absolutism, divine right, westernization, global
economy)
- Significance: (Expanding empires after transformations in Europe, i.e. Printing
Press = “print revolution”, brings spread of ideas, technologies (weaponry and
“gunpowder revolution”), centralized governments spread, and global trade and
commerce.
- Significance: Columbian Exchange, Triangular Trade, Culture Diffusion
“disconnected world gets ‘connected’”)
- Agency (Explorers / those being “explored”)
- Causation: motives of wealth (silver economies), religious expansion, needs for
raw resources, and global political competition. Motives of: increased trade in
luxury goods (ex. spices); trade by sea leads to: increased political and military
power, spread of ideas and religion, and human-environment interactions (world
population decreases as disease increases.
ii. Atlantic Rim:
a. Context: Mesoamerica: pictographs, suspension bridges, trephination, and
context of European exploration in the Americas; Mayas, Aztecs, Incas.
b. Columbus, Vespucci, etc.
c. Columbian Exchange: concept, trade patterns, good exchange, motivations.
d. Triangular Trade: Americas (Cotton, Sugar, Tobacco); Great Britain (Rum,
textiles), West Africa (slave labor).
e. Migrations
iii. Africa:
a. Context: Ghana, “War Chief,” West African trading empire wealthy off transSaharan trade in gold, salt, and taxation falls and is replaced. First by Mali, then
by European countries. Matrilineal.
b. Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, etc.
c. Trans-Saharan trade
d. Growth of African kingdoms: Nok Civilization, Ghana, Mali Empire, etc.
e. Trans-African slavery vs Trans-Atlantic slavery
f. Raw resources: salt, gold, and labor.
g. Language / Religion: Islam, Arabic in Northern Africa (caliphs, art, literature,
“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
math, architecture, and medicine) vs Colonial languages and religions South of
the Sahara.
h. Afro-Eurasia: Sassanian Empire fills void of fall of Han, Roman, and Gupta
Empires.
iv. The East / Asia:
a. Ferdinand Magellan (Westward route to Asia), Marco Polo, Hippolus.
b. Silk road, Spice trade, Indian Ocean trade, etc.
c. East Asia, Mughal Empire, Monsoon (explorer, traders from the West use preMonsoon winds to get to India, and post-Monsoon winds to get back).
d. Imperial China (220-1644 CE): Confucianism, Dynasties.
e. Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan (1300 CE), control of Silk Road, collapse via
political disunity and disease (Bubonic Plague: “Black Death”, hits Europe 13461351 and again in 15th century causing 24 mm deaths. Believed to have
originated in Asia and spread along Silk Road, reducing populations and
disrupting trade and commerce.
f. Byzantine Empire (500-1453 CE): Originally Roman Empire in the East,
Constantinople)
Unit
III.
Age of Revolution
i. Introductory context: Chronology: Renaissance - Scientific Revolution (ex:
geocentric to heliocentric / scientific method) - Enlightenment (French
Revolution) - Industrial Revolution;
- French Revolution: 100 Years War (Military technology; Joan of Arc) to French
Revolution, 1789 to Napoleon.
- vocabulary: republicanism, liberalism, coup d’etat, nation-state, sovereign,
revenue, bureaucracy, circumnavigate, etc.
- political revolution context: monarchies replaced with representative political
systems and ideas. Ideas: liberalism via economic freedom; sovereignty;
popular sovereignty; natural rights; social contract; separation of powers.
- Vocabulary: Laissez-Faire, “Great Dying”, indentured servitude, triangular trade,
nationalism, etc.
- Mercantilism: Overseas colonies supported a mercantilist economic system /
aided accumulation of capital.
ii. Industrial Revolution: Significance, Europe’s new need for raw resources
beyond domestic markets = Mercantilism; causation: spark for Colonial Era, and
a change of focus from agriculture to industry: invention of “working class” and
“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
factory system of mass production. Population shift from rural to urban.
iii. Atlantic Rim:
a. Colonial Era: British, French, Spanish, Portuguese: motives, colonialism:
physical, cultural, economic, and religious hegemony.
b. Growth of slavery: indentured servitude, middleman, North America,
Caribbean, Brazil.
c. Revolutions in Americas: Latin America (Simon Bolivar, peninsulares,
nationalism; Brazil; San Martin (Argentina) etc.; Haiti (Toussaint L’Ouverture);
guerrilla warfare.
d. U.S. Relevance: political philosophical inspirations, American revolution.
Common Sense, Locke, Treaty of Paris.
iv. Africa:
a. Colonial Era: European colonialism: motives, colonialism: physical, cultural,
economic, and religious hegemony; “Scramble for Africa,” and effects;
Significance of Suez Canal.
b. Revolutions in Africa.
v. Asia:
a. Colonial Era: European colonialism: motives, colonialism: physical, cultural,
economic, and religious hegemony.
b. Revolutions in Asia: Meiji Japan (1197-1867); Qing China; Boxer Rebellion in
China (1900); etc.
c. British East India Company - By the end of 1700s, the British had become the
dominant trading power in Asia. Chinese tea one of the most important goods.
vi. Decline of Ottoman Empire (1807-1924): From late 1600s superpower to
modern day Turkey. Explorers brought back silver, O.E. on a silver currency,
faced inflation, inability to fund economic growth, and thereby faced economic
problems / political problems.
Unit
IV.
Era of Global Wars (and Imperialism) (1900-1945)
i. Introductory Context: Imperialism (revolutions, end of slave trade, need for raw
resources and political power), industrialization, “sphere of influence,”
nationalism, militarism, political changes: authoritarian, dictatorships, fascism;
genocides, “white man’s burden” etc.
- Segway: industrialization triggered imperialism through which Western powers
“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
sought new resources of raw materials and new markets for exports.
Mercantilism no more as slavery end. A need for new resources and markets
arises.
ii. Atlantic Rim:
a. Factors of Great Britain’s Industrialization: political stability, labor,
raw materials, banking system, transportation system.
b. U.S.: productivity, interchangeable parts, Bessemer process, factory system,
mass production, capitalism, growth of America’s sphere of influence; etc.
c. American Imperialism: Latin America and Asia, Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt
Corollary, etc.
iii. Africa:
a. The partition of Africa: motives, causation, effects, significance,
The Scramble for Africa.
b. Regional studies: North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, and South Africa:
imperial participants, resistance, sphere of influence: political, economic,
religious, linguistic.
iv. Asia:
a. Japan: Meji Restoration, Russo-Japanese War
b. China: Westernization / modernization by European powers.
c. South Asia: British in India, “The Great Rebellion”; famine.
v. World War I:
a. Context: With ‘Era of Revolutions’, and industrialization, European powers
became more authoritarian (British Raj in India) = rise and spread of political
unrest, international tensions, and with economics: nations expanded and
protected raw materials for their industries and markets for their goods.
b. Economic causes, political causes, major events (Assassination of Franz
Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire, 6/18/1914 by Gavrilo Princip) and
leaders.
c. Significance, outcomes, global effect, Treaty of Versailles, etc.
d. Vocabulary: sphere of influence, imperialism, economic imperialism, Alliance
System: Triple Alliance vs Triple Entente, militarism, authoritarian, etc.
vi. Inter-War Period:
a. League of Nations, mandate system, etc.
b. Causes and assessing impact of worldwide depression in the
1930s.
“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
c. Examine events related to the rise, aggression, and human costs of dictatorial
regimes, and their respective leaders (Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.)
d. Segway: costly (money and human life) = huge war debt, inflation,
unemployment, other economic problems = new political and economic orders
established = extreme solutions = lack of civil liberties, war armament = WWII.
vii. World War II: Preface: isolationsim, appeasement, post-WWI economic
problems of inflation and unemployment.
a. Economic causes, political causes, major events and leaders, Axis vs Allies.
b. Significance, outcomes, global effect, peace, war crimes, division of Europe,
rebuilding of Germany and Japan, international organizations and Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
c. Holocaust.
Unit
V.
Post War Era
i. Introductory Context: Global changes (rise of political ideological competition:
capitalism vs communism), struggles for self-rule, and other vocabulary.
ii. Atlantic Rim:
a. Cold War Era: Causes, Outcomes, Iron Curtain, Containment,
Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact, arms race, domino
etc.
b. Korean War (1950-1953)
c. Vietnam War (1950s-1975)
iii. Africa:
a. Nelson Mandela vs South Africa’s Apartheid.
b. ANC, racial segregation, etc.
c. Surrounding struggles: Tanzania, Northern Africa movements.
iv. Asia:
a. Mohandas Gandhi and democracy in India vs British Raj.
b. Massacre at Amritsar, The Salt March, civil disobedience, etc.
c. China: Culture Revolution, Boxer Rebellion, Revolution of 1911, CCP.
d. Khmer Rouge; Cambodian genocide.
e. Indonesia: Sukarno
v. Contemporary global issues:
theory,
“The Great Global Convergence 1400-1800 CE to the Present”
2012-2013 Pacing Guide Framework
a. World population changes, population density, challenges, developing nations,
natural resources and multinational companies, environmental issues,
globalization, NAFTA, WTO, ethnic violence / cleansing: Rwanda, Darfur,
Balkans; Arab Spring, etc.