Download Bacterial Kingdoms - Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

Bacterial Kingdoms - Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria
This group probably represents the first living
cells.
The methanogens are
"methane-makers."
They live in swamps, mud,
sewage, and animal guts.
 They make ATP
anaerobically (without the
need for oxygen) by
converting carbon dioxide
and hydrogen to methane.

The extreme halophiles are "salt-lovers."
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These species can tolerate high
salt environments such as
brackish ponds, salt lakes,
volcanic vents on the seafloor,
and the like.
Most are heterotrophic aerobes
(use oxygen), but some can switch
to a special photosynthesis, using
bacteriorhodopsin, to produce ATP.
The extreme thermophiles are
"heat-lovers."
These bacteria live in hot
springs and other very hot
places such as the thermal
vents of the sea floor where
temperatures exceed 110o
C.
 They use hydrogen sulfide
for ATP formation.

Eubacteria
Photoautotrophs
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Cyanobacteria are
photosynthetic.
Anabaena, by means
of heterocysts, can fix
nitrogen.
Green and purple
bacteria use
hydrogen sulfide and
hydrogen gas as a
source of electrons for photosynthesis.
Chemoautotrophs
Among the most important are
the nitrifying bacteria that
participate in nitrogen cycling.

They use ammonia for
generating ATP.
Chemoheterotrophs
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Pseudomonads are major decomposers in the
soil.
Actinomycetes produce
antibiotics.
Lactobacillus is used in
dairy product
conversions.
E. coli makes vitamin
K in the human gut.
Rhizobium fixes
nitrogen on the roots of
legumes.
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Some strains of E. coli can cause serious
diarrhea.
Some form resistant endospores that can
survive harsh environmental conditions, for
example Clostridium botulinum (botulism) or
Anthrax. Endospores are a method of
survival. The spore is formed within the cell
membrane (an endospore) and allows the
bacteria to wait out deteriorating
environmental
conditions.
 Borrelia burgdorferi a
spirochete bacteria is
transmitted by ticks
to humans where it
causes Lyme disease.