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Ch 12 Vocabulary Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR) – Continuous system of mountain ranges with a rift valley between them that extends around Earth on the . Formed at a plate boundary. Rift Valley – , linear, dropped-down between twin, parallel mountain ranges produced by faulting. Divergent Boundary – Plate moving from each other. where the plates are Convergent Boundary – Plate boundary where the plates are moving each other. Subduction – Occurs when lithospheric plates edge of one plate is forced downward and the another. Transform Boundary – Plate where the plates are moving to each other (one in one direction and the other in the opposite direction). Fault – taken place in Earth’s crust along which movement has Focus – of of an earthquake P-waves – Primary waves. The and the get to the surface of the Earth during an earthquake. S-waves – surface of the Earth. wave to waves. The second wave to reach the Epicenter – Location directly the where the waves of an earthquake first meet the Earth. the Shadow zone – “ ” between 140 degrees from an earthquake’s epicenter where nothing is recorded on a . Asthenosphere – The Lithosphere – The Viscosity – A fluid’s and . and the upper . to Cinder cone volcano – Small, formed by accumulation of around a . Shield volcano – Broad, layers of free-flowing, high-temperature, . erupting volcano pyroclastic materials volcano formed by lava. Composite volcano – Volcano formed by alternating flows and violently erupting materials. Hot spot – Volcanically active sites that arises in the of a tectonic plate. Hot spots do not . Pyroclasts – Material expelled from a volcano that becomes as it falls to Earth. and Volcanic blocks – of solid material ripped away from the opening of the volcano and into the air. Lahar – Volcanic