* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cells, tisand mito, practice Test answers - Coristines
Survey
Document related concepts
Embryonic stem cell wikipedia , lookup
Artificial cell wikipedia , lookup
Dictyostelium discoideum wikipedia , lookup
Chimera (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Hematopoietic stem cell wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Human embryogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Microbial cooperation wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal lineage marker wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Regeneration in humans wikipedia , lookup
State switching wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
10A: Practice Test Cells, Tissues, and Mitosis Practice Test Name: ___________ 1. List 3 characteristics of life. [3 marks] all organisms must: exchange gases or respire, consume, eleminate waste, reproduce, interact with their env't or communicate, locomote, etc. 2. A hundred years ago people observed that in a pond following winter there was no algae. Then one day in May following a rainstorm algae was observed in the same pond. People concluded that the rain brought algae. Use the cell theory to explain what really happened. [3 marks] Thus this had nothing to do with rain creating living organisms. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and cells come from other living cells. This means that because cells are so small, people could not see the algae in the water. Also the few that were there began to reproduce as the weather became warmer creating enough cells that people could see their presence. 3. What is the equation of life? [2 marks] glucose burns within the cells in the presence of oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water 4. Are elephant cells larger then mouse cells. Explain [4 marks] No elephant and mouse cells are roughly the same size. All cells can only grow as big as their surface area to volume ratio will allow for diffusion of nutrients and gases into and out of the innermost part of the cell. When this can no longer happen, the cell can't efficiently perform the functions of life. Thus cells stop growth and will then split to reproduce more new cells. So an elephant simply has more cells not larger cells. _C__5. During which phase do the chromosomes become visible? A) Telophase B) anaphase C) prophase D) interphase _C__ 6. During which phase does the spindle form? A) Telephase B) cytokinesis C) prophase D) interphase _C___ 7. In what process does the cell reproduce its organelles? A) mitosis B) G1 phase C) cytokinesis D) spindle formation 1 10A: Practice Test 8. Identify the stages of the cell cycle shown below. [4 marks] A) __prophase_______________ B) ___metaphase______ C)___telephase______________ D) ___Anaphase________________ 9. With the aid of labelled diagrams explain how prophase and interphase similar and different. [6 marks] _C_10. When will a cell undergo mitosis? A) Before the DNA has been replicated B) When there is limited space C) When a protein signals it is time D) When there are limited nutrients 2 10A: Practice Test Exp 3.2 11. Match the following: Letter K J I B A D L C G H F E Function 1. A rigid structure that gives shape to the cell. 2. digest food for cell 3. Green structures for photosynthesis 4. Factories that make proteins 5. Controls the activities of the cell 6. Controls what moves in and out of the cell 7. Contains genes made up of DNA 8. A jell-like substance that supports the organelles 9. A large water vacuole 10. The power house that makes energy 11. Stores food 12. The packaging center Organelle A. nucleolus B. ribosomes C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. golgi appartus F. food vacuole G. central vacuole H. mitochondrion I. chloroplast J. lysosome k. cell wall L. chromosomes 12. How are plant and animal cells different? [2 marks] Plant cells have certain structures that animals do not such as chloroplasts for photosynthesis, or large water vacuoles called central vacuoles. Animal cells have centrioles which plant cells do not. Exp 3.2 13. A) Why do cells specialize? [2 marks] In order to perform all life's functions cells must be in a location to access nutrients, and exchange gases. When cells grow in clumps (colonies) they are surrounded by other cells and it becomes difficult to gain access to all of the necessary chemicals. Cells in some locations begin to perform one function better than the others and rely on neighbouring cells to make up what they lack for. Cells in the stomach specialize in digesting and have developed more lysosomes and golgi appartus to create chemicals and mucus but they still need oxygen. This is where the trading of services arises. The stomach cells receive oxygen from specialized lung cells etc. B) What is it about the structure of a bone cell that makes it good at its job? [2 marks] Bone cells have rings of hardened calcium in their centres. This makes them difficult to compress or expand when a force is applied to them. If all the cells in a bone behave this way it creates a rigid structure that muscles can push and pull against 3 10A: Practice Test to move. C) What cell does the same job in plants as a bone cell in humans? [1 mark] The cortex cells in the stems or spongy mesophyl in the leaves D) Explain why xylem cells can’t do the same job a palisade cells? [2 marks] Palisade cells are in the leaves and they contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Xylem cells occur in leaves and stems but they are hollow like straws for transporting water. Because xylem does not have chloroplasts these cells can't photosynthesize. Inquiry B2.3 1. Match the Following C O Description 1. Produces the light 2. magnifies the specimen 3. supports the slide and specimen 4. Moves stage up and down to focus 5. supports the microscope and is used to carry it 6. Allows the objectives to be rotated 7. Supports the body tube and is used to carry the microscope 8. Controls the amount of light entering the field of view 9. Prevents the slide from slipping 10. Used to finely focus F J K 11. supports the eyepiece 12. allows the observer to see the specimen 13. focuses the light on the specimen N D M L A B E H 4 Word A. base B. revolving nosepiece C. stage clips D. objective lenses E. arm F. Body tube H. diaphragm J. eye piece K. condenser L. coarse adjustment/ focus M. stage N. mirror/ light O. fine adjustment/ focus 10A: Practice Test 2. Label the following parts of the microscope A ___stage_______ B_revolving nosepiece_____ C__ocular lens___ D___coarse focus____ E___high power objective_____ F___stage clip_____ G___body tube__ H__fine focus____ 3. Match any 7 of the letters with the correct word Structure 1) nucleus 2) Cell wall 3) mitochondrion 4) ribosome 5) chloroplast 6) nucleolus 7) Central vacuole 8) Chromosome 9) Cell membrane 10) Cytoplasm 11) Lysosome 12) Endoplasmic reticulum 13) Golgi body/complex 5 Letter C L K F B M H D J A I E G 10A: Practice Test Which cell is a plant cell __2____ 4. A student is not able to see the specimen when he rotates lenses from medium to high power. Explain three possible reasons why this may be the case. [3 marks] Not enough light in the feild of view: the aperature (hole) in the lens gets smaller with increasing magnification letting less light in. Since the aperature is smaller unless the object is in the center of the field of view it will move outside the view when a more powerfull lens it rotated in The new lens is not in focus with the object. 6 10A: Practice Test 5. Oder the following according to when you would perform them while working with a microscope. Order 4 7 1 5 2 6 3 Description Use the coarse focus Draw the specimen Get a field of view Use the medium power objective Place specimen on stage Use the fine focus Use the scanning lens 6. Examine the diagram below. Is this normal division or cancer. Provide your reasoning. [4 marks] This appears to be normal cell growth because the cells are regular shaped and of equal size. The nuclei are also single and of similar size with one to a cell. Cancer cells such as on the left have irregular shapes, they are antisocial and pile up on each other leaving no spaces between cells. Cancer cells will have uneven sized cells and nuclei because an error has occurred in the splitting process creating cells with too little or too much genetic information. 7 10A: Practice Test 7. Identify whether the following are plant or animal cells, the tissue type they would belong and their function.[6 marks] Animal or plant _________animal_____________ Cell name: ____muscle___________ Tissue Name: ___muscle____________ Function: to contract and relax allowing movement Animal or plant __________Plant___________________ Cell name: __xylem and phloem______________ Tissue Name: __vascular__________ Function: to move fluids and nutrients 8. Identify two techniques for diagnosing cancer. [2 marks] Examining cells – cancer cells look, communicate, and behave differently than normal body cells. (view the video on the wiki). A small section of cells may be cut away from a tumour and examined. This is called a biopsy.Imaging techniques – endoscope (fiber optic tube attached to a camera) used on intestines, X-Rays (2-D image Ex. Mammograms), Ultrasound (for soft tissues such as the heart and liver), CT (X-rays in a 3-D arrangement), and MRI (3-D image using radio waves) B) Identify two treatments for cancer and explain one. [4 marks] 1) Surgery – physically remove as much of the cancerous tumour as possible. 2) Chemotherapy – killing cancerous cells using drugs taken orally or intravenously. The side effects may include: hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. These chemicals travel throughout the body and will kill undetected tumours. 3) Radiation – damages those cells that are continually dividing due to the accumulation of DNA damage. This means eventually the daughter cells will not be able to reproduce ultimately shrinking tumours. Ionizing 8 10A: Practice Test radiation can be delivered by shining a beam of energy a the site or implanting a radioactive source into the tumour. 4) Biophotonics – using beams of light to detect and treat cancer. Learning Goals B3.1 describe the cell cycle in animals, and explain its importance for the growth of cells and repair of tissues. I am able to: define the cell theory and the characteristics of life define the cell cycle, and label a diagram to show the various stages describe what happens in each stage of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis: prophase, metaphase etc.) Draw labeled representations of the changes in the cell as it progresses through mitosis. (what is moving and what is disappearing, reappearing) explain why the cell must cycle and the consequences if it does not do so correctly. B3.2 describe the structure, function, and importance of specialized cells and tissues in multi-cellular organisms (e.g., neurons have many branching dendrites 9 10A: Practice Test and long axons to receive and transmit messages; muscle cells have a higher concentration of mitochondria, which produce energy) I am able to: differentiate between animal cells and plant cells based on the organelles present/or absent label animal and plant cell diagrams describe the structures and functions of cell organelles and relate them back to the function of the cell (Ex. sperm cells have more mitochondria) explain the need for specialized cells B2.2 examine cells under a microscope or similar instrument to identify the various stages of mitosis in animals [PR, AI] I am able to: use a microscope with care and confidence to locate obvious cell organelles Create accurate labeled microscopic drawings (including magnification and size measurements) identify stages of mitosis using microscopic techniques B2.3 investigate, using a microscope or similar instrument, cell specialization in the human body ,focusing on different types of human cells (e.g.,muscle cells, epithelial cells, nerve cells), and draw labeled biological diagrams of each type of cell [PR, C] I am able to: draw accurate images of various cell tissues viewed under a microscope identify various images of cell tissue such as skin cell, muscle cell, etc. and label the obvious organelles B3.3 explain cell organization by describing the link between cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the human body I am able to: provide examples of the different levels of organization within each of the different systems. (Ex. Circulatory system>Heart>cardiac muscle tissue>red blood cells) B2.4 compare, on the basis of observation (e.g.,using pictures, videos, or images), the division of cancerous cells and non-cancerous cells, and describe the impact of cancerous cells on the human body [PR, AI] 10 10A: Practice Test I am able to: Compare diagrams or microscopic pictures of cells in division and identify the differences between normal cell division and cancer cell division. Identify the differences between normal and cancerous cells based on size, colour, shape and behavior. Explain the differences in characteristics of cancerous cells and noncancerous cells Explain how cancer occurs and the damages or affects on the body Describe screening techniques Describe treatment techniques 11