Download Midterm 3 – MC Key - Creighton Biology

Name: __________________________
Biology 449 - Animal Physiology
Spring 2008
Midterm 3 – MC Key
Fill in your scantron form as follows:
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Write and bubble in your name in the upper left (last name first).
Follow any additional instructions provided in class.
Sign your form on the upper right. By so doing you verify that you are abiding
by Creighton’s policy on academic honesty.
Multiple choice: As always, choose the best answer for each multiple-choice question.
Answer on your scantron form. Each question is worth 3 points.
1. The main site of gas exchange between air and the blood in mammals is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
all bronchi.
all bronchioles.
alveoli.
b and c.
a, b and c.
2. During a resting-level inhalation in a healthy person, air enters the alveoli because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
pressure in the trachea is about 1 torr higher than atmospheric pressure.
pressure in the trachea is about 20 torr higher than atmospheric pressure.
pressure in the alveoli is about 1 torr lower than atmospheric pressure.
pressure in the alveoli is about 20 torr lower than atmospheric pressure.
Pressure in the alveoli never differs from atmospheric pressure.
3. If a person’s intrapleural fluid had the same pressure as the surrounding atmosphere, then
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the person could only inhale.
the lungs would tend to collapse.
the ribcage would tend to move inward.
the diaphragm must be contracting tetanically.
ventilation would occur normally.
4. During a rapid, deep inhalation, which of the following muscle groups would be activated?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the diaphragm.
the internal intercostals.
the external intercostals.
a and b
a and c
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5. In a gas with a total pressure of 800 torr and containing 1.0% CO2, the partial pressure of the
CO2 is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.8 torr.
8 torr.
80 torr.
800 torr.
8 bajillion torr.
6. Hemoglobin molecules
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
consist of one heme and one globin, and the oxygen binds to the globin.
consist of four hemes and one globin, and the oxygen binds to the hemes.
one heme and four globins, and the oxygen binds to the globins.
four hemes and four globins, and the oxygen binds to the hemes.
four hemes and four globins, and the oxygen binds to the globins.
7. In the two-pigment system that delivers oxygen from the mother’s lungs to the fetal
mitochondria,
a. the higher affinity of the mother’s hemoglobin relative to the fetal hemoglobin helps
the mother transport a greater volume of oxygen to the placenta.
b. the higher affinity of the mother’s hemoglobin relative to the fetal hemoglobin helps
the mother avoid losing too much oxygen to the fetus.
c. the higher affinity of the fetal hemoglobin relative to the mother’s hemoglobin helps
the fetus pick up a greater amount of oxygen from the mother’s blood.
d. the higher affinity of the fetal hemoglobin relative to the mother’s hemoglobin helps
the fetus offload more oxygen at a given tissue partial pressure.
e. I want my mommy!
8. Carbon dioxide is not transported from tissues to the lungs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
as dissolved CO2.
as carbamino compounds.
bound directly to hemes.
Carbon dioxide is transported in all the above forms.
Carbon dioxide is transported in none of the above forms.
9. When blood arrives at the lungs, CO2
a. moves from the blood to the alveoli via diffusion down its partial pressure gradient.
b. moves from the blood to the alveoli via active transport of bicarbonate ions, which
are converted into CO2 within the alveoli themselves.
c. moves from the alveoli to the blood via diffusion down its partial pressure gradient.
d. moves from the alveoli to the blood via active transport of bicarbonate ions, which
are converted into CO2 within the red blood cells.
e. Speaking of CO2, how about that global warming?
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10. The movement of food or chyme along the digestive tract is driven by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
expanding gases.
gravity.
osmosis.
peristalsis.
segmentation.
11. The hormone secretin appears to promote all of the following except
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a decreased rate of stomach emptying.
decreased acid secretion into the stomach.
increased secretion of bicarbonate ions into the small intestine.
increased secretion of digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
Secretin promotes all of the above.
12. When the enzyme amylase is secreted into the small intestine, it is activated by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
carboxypeptidase.
chymotrypsin.
enterokinase.
trypsin.
Amylase is already active when secreted into the small intestine.
13. Which of the following vessels or set of vessels is the first one entered by chylomicrons
during the process of the absorption of lipids across the intestinal epithelium?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The blood capillaries within the mucosal layer of the stomach.
The blood capillaries within the mucosal layer of the small intestine.
The blood capillaries within the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
The hepatic portal vein.
The lacteals of the lymphatic system.
14. When the contents of the large intestine are shifted down to the rectum en masse, this is
officially known as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the “fecal express.”
“brown moving down.”
the “bacterial rollercoaster.”
“potty time.”
a “mass movement.”
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15. Most of the energy that we store solely for future use as fuel is in the form of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
carbohydrates.
fats.
proteins.
Roughly equal amounts of fuel are stored in the form of carbohydrates and fats.
Roughly equal amounts of fuel are stored in the form of carbohydrates, fats and
proteins.
16. The term “ultrafiltration” means that
a. a fluid is driven through a sieve-like layer by hydrostatic pressure.
b. a fluid is driven through a sieve-like layer by osmotic pressure.
c. a fluid is driven through a sieve-like layer fine enough to prevent molecules bigger
than water from crossing.
d. a small number of solutes is moved by carrier proteins across an otherwise
impermeable barrier.
e. a small number of solutes is moved by vesicular transport across an otherwise
impermeable barrier.
17. Assuming kidney function is normal, if a substance C is found in the initial or primary urine
at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml, and in the final urine at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml, which
of the following is likely true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
C is being reabsorbed by the kidneys.
C is being secreted by the kidneys.
C is neither being reabsorbed nor secreted by the kidneys.
It is impossible to guess how the kidneys are handling C.
There really aren’t any other choices, are there?
18. Which of the following best describes the pattern of permeability and solute transport in the
epithelium of the thick ascending region of the loop of Henle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Permeable to water, impermeable to solutes
Permeable to water, solutes actively transported out
Impermeable to water, permeable to solutes but no transport
Impermeable to water, solutes actively transported out
Impermeable to water and solutes
19. The main purpose of the loop of Henle is to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
make urine highly concentrated as it passes through the base of the loop.
make the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla highly concentrated.
remove additional urea from the urine.
conserve salt.
give Henle something to do.
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20. Which of the following statements about the composition of the final urine that leaves the
collecting duct is true? (Recall that in the context of renal function, the osmotic concentration
of the urine is described relative to normal body fluids.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
It can be hyposmotic or isosmotic, but not hyperosmotic.
It can be isosmotic or hyperosmotic, but not hyposmotic.
It can range from hyposmotic to hyperosmotic.
It can only be isosmotic.
It can only be hyperosmotic.
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