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Name _____________________________________________ date _________ period _____
Physical Science
Matter Cont.
Matter
Chapter 3
1. How Formulas are Written - Write the chemical _______________ for each element contained in
the substance. Place the ________________ of atoms of each element as a _________________
behind the element’s symbol. No subscript for one atom – the symbol shows that there is at least
one atom there
H2O – H = hydrogen O = oxygen
For every one atom of oxygen there are two atoms of Hydrogen
2. Matter and Energy - _________________ Theory of matter: 1. All matter is made of _________
and molecules that act like tiny ______________________________
3. 2. These tiny particles are always in ___________________. The _______________ the
temperature, the ________________________ the particles move.
4. 3. At the same _______________________, more massive (heavier) particles move __________
than less massive (____________________) particles
5. States (phases) of Matter - __________________– definite volume; definite shape; ___________
positions ______________ – definite volume; no definite shape; can move _________________
and in between each other
6. Gas – ______ definite volume; no definite shape; _____________ straight- line paths.
_________________ – gas-like substance of charged particles; traveling very fast
7. Phase change and Thermodynamics – Solids – ________ energy – little movement. Liquids –
______________ energy – more movement. Gases – highest energy – the _______ movement.
8. Energy and Phase Change – Energy is _______________________ in all changes of state.
Solid ↔ Liquid ↔ Gas Sublimation – change from __________ to ______________ without
becoming a liquid
9. Law of Conservation of:
Mass – Mass cannot be ______________ nor ________________ it can only be _____________.
Energy – Energy cannot be ______________ nor ______________ it can only be _____________.
10. Gas Laws – Charles’ Law – Boyles’ Law – Lussac’s Law –
Chapter 4 notes
1. Atomic Structure – timeline - Ancient ________________ - Democritus proposed the
____________ – a tiny solid particle that could not be _____________________.
1904 – J.J. _________________ – discovered that atoms contained small, ________________
charged particles called ____________________________.
2. 1911 – Ernest ______________________ – proposed that the atom had ____________ parts –
the _______________________ in the center (most of the mass) surrounded by the
___________________.
1913 – Niels _________________ – hypothesized that ___________________ traveled in fixed
_______________________ around the atom’s nucleus.
3. 1913 – James _______________________ – concluded that the _________________ contained
positive _______________________ and neutral ___________________________.
1926 – Erwin _________________________ – developed the ___________________ mechanical
model – which is based on the wavelike properties of the ________________. (not a particle –
leads to quantum physics).
4. 1927 – Werner ______________________ – (the Heisenberg uncertainty Principle) described
that it is _____________________________ to know precisely both an electron’s ____________
and path at a given time. Led to the electron _____________________ theory
5. Atoms - The ____________________________ particle that has the properties of an element.
6. _________________________ Atomic Theory –a) Every ___________________ is made of tiny,
unique, particles called ________________ that cannot be _____________________. b) Atoms
of the same _____________________ are exactly _________________. c) Atoms of __________
elements can _______________________ to form ________________________ .
7. Parts of an Atom - _____________________ – small, dense ____________________ of an atom
made up of ____ subatomic particles that are almost ____________________ in size and mass.
_____________________ – have a positive charge. ___________________ – have no charge.
8. _________________________ – are tiny particles that have very little ____________ that moves
around the _____________________ of the ______________________. These particles are
__________________________ charged and form a “________________” around the nucleus.
9. The number of ______________________ and ________________________ an atom has is
unique for each element.
10. Atomic _______________________ - Atoms have ________ overall charge because the _______
(+) cancel out the _____________________ (-).
Helium 2 protons - ____
2 neutrons - 0
2 electrons - ____
total charge _____
11. Protons - _________________ (+) charge - Found in the __________________ - # of protons =
________________ # - The number of protons ____________________ the element (atomic #)
12. Neutrons - ________ charge - Found in the ____________________ - Along with protons
makes up atomic _______________ - protons and neutrons are made up of ______________ –
which three quarks – determines whether it becomes a proton or a neutron.
13. Electrons - ______________________ (–) charge - travel in ____________________ (or energy
levels) around the nucleus. (electron cloud) - _____________________ electrons - the # of
electrons in the outer shell = ___________________________ #
14. Unit of _____________________ for atomic particles is Atomic mass unit (___________) protons
and neutrons = about ____ amu (electrons are about the size of 1 __________________)
15. Chemical ______________________ - The one or two ___________________ abbreviation of the
element name.
16. _______________ Number or _________________ Mass - the __________ of the number of
protons and the number of neutrons in the _____________________ of an atom. - # of
neutrons = mass # - _________________ #
17. _______________________ atomic mass - the weighted - average ____________ of the mixture
of all an atoms _______________________. The average atomic mass is ______________ to the
mass of its most __________________________ isotope.
18. Isotopes - Atoms of the ______________________ element that have a ____________________
# of ___________________________. (identified by the element name followed by the mass # )
ex. C-12, C-_____, B-10, B-_____)