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Chapter 27 Reading Quiz – The Cold War
1. Among the root causes of the hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II was
a. the fundamental difference between the nations’ vision of the postwar world
b. the brutality of the Soviet government toward its own people
c. the Soviet mistreatment of eastern Europeans during World War II
d. the United States refusal to deal with the Soviet Union during the 1920s
e. all of the answers above
2. In deciding the issue of Poland at the Teheran Conference in November 1943, the Big Three decided to
a. refuse to allow the Soviets to annex any territory historically belonging to Poland
b. allow the Soviets to install a procommunist government in Poland
c. divide Poland into zones of occupation with a pro-communist government in the eastern half and a pro-western
government in the western half
d. encourage a self-determination referendum for Polish voters
e. leave the issues concerning Poland unresolved
3. The final agreement at Yalta concerning the future of Germany was that Germany would be
a. reconstructed and reunited but would remain under strict supervision of the Allies
b. divided in half, with East Germany controlled by the Soviets and West Germany controlled by the United States
c. allowed to hold a binding vote regarding its preference of either capitalism or communism
d. divided into four zones based on the position of troops at the end of the war
e. reunited and allowed to hold free elections to set up its own government
4. When Harry Truman assumed the Presidency after Franklin Roosevelt’s death, he believed that
a. Roosevelt had kept him well informed on international issues
b. Stalin was essentially a good man who could be reasoned with
c. the Soviet Union was a backward nation that posed no threat to the United States
d. Stalin and the Soviet Union were fundamentally untrustworthy
e. the Soviet Union’s military weakness harmed its commitment to expansion
5. During the struggle in China between nationalists and communists after World War II, the United States
a. continued to support Chiang Kaishek with money and weapons even when it became clear his cause was lost
b. supported the communist leader Mao Zedong, hoping that a communist China friendly to the United States would help
stop Soviet aggression
c. supported Ho Chi Minh, a compromise leader
d. intervened militarily to put an end to the struggle
e. tool a “hands off” approach by encouraging China to solve its own problems
6. Truman’s policy of “containment” called for the United States to
a. use aggressive military action to overthrow communist governments in eastern Europe
b. support free people who were resisting communist expansion
c. return to the isolationism of the 1920s and 1930s
d. do as little as possible to maintain the fragile peace
e. cut off all foreign aid to nations outside western Europe
7. Above all other reasons, policy makers supported the Marshall Plan because they
a. had a humanitarian concern for the European people
b. feared that Europe would remain an economic drain on the United States if not quickly rebuilt
c. desired a strong European market for American goods
d. feared that the shaky pro-American governments in western Europe might fall under communist control
e. worried that a revitalized Japan would threaten American trade
8. The Marshall Plan adopted policies toward communist countries that
a. excluded the Soviet Union from assistance
b. excluded the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites from assistance
c. offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites, but they refused
d. offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European’ satellites, and they eagerly accepted
e. included financial aid for Japan but not the Soviet Union
9. The Marshall Plan accomplished all of the following except
a. caused a few successful pro-western coups
b. weakened communist support in member states
c. increased European industrial production
d. revived opportunities for American trade
e. sparked an economic revival in western Europe
10. In 1948, Stalin initiated the Berlin Blockade in response to
a. the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
b. allegations that Alger Hiss was stealing and sending diplomatic secrets to the Soviet Union
c. the launching of the Marshall Plan
d. the buildup of the American military in Japan
e. the merging of the American, British, and French zones of Germany to create a new West German Republic
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11. The history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization involved all of the following events except
a. the members declared that an armed attack against one member would be considered an attack on all
b. the United States Senate did not ratify the charter until a decade after the organization was formed
c. the crisis in Berlin accelerated the formation of the organization
d. the Soviet Union responded to its formation with the creation of the Warsaw Pact
e. the members agreed to maintain a standing military force in Europe
12. The strikes by the United Mine Workers and the nation’s railroads in 1946 were settled when
a. Truman invited the disagreeing parties to the White House and mediated the dispute
b. Truman either ordered or threatened government control
c. management agreed to the demands of labor
d. management called in strikebreakers
e. unions agreed to surrender collective bargaining rights
13. One major purpose of the Taft-Hartley Act was to
a. promote human rights abroad
b. place an embargo on trade with communist nations
c. limit the power of labor unions
d. provide reforms of the campaign finance system
e. urge an end to the Korean War
14. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was supported by
a. most workers and union leaders
b. President Truman
c. liberal Democrats in Congress
d. conservative Republicans in Congress
e. civil rights activists
15. In the election of 1948, Truman
a. did little campaigning, because he believed he could not win once some Democrats deserted to form their own parties
b. defeated Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower by a narrow but decisive margin
c. refused to attack the flaws of the opposition party
d. won the presidency, but Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress
e. won the presidency, and the Democrats also won both houses of Congress
16. In the late 1940s, Truman managed to push through Congress all of the following Fair Deal legislation except
a. a new minimum wage law to increase the rates
b. a national health insurance plan to provide medical care to the poor
c. an expansion of the Social Security system
d. a National Housing Act to provide construction of low-income housing
e. an extension of Social Security benefits to more Americans
17. The Korean War began when
a. Japanese forces invaded South Korea
b. Soviet troops invaded South Korea
c. Chinese troops invaded South Korea
d. North Korean forces invaded South Korea
e. Vietnamese forces invaded South Korea
18. President Truman relieved Douglas MacArthur from command because MacArthur
a. failed to stabilize the front in Korea
b. ordered the bombing of communist forces massing north of the Chinese border
c. publicly indicated his dissatisfaction with Truman’s policy on Korea
d. invaded North Korea despite Truman’s orders to halt at the 38th parallel
e. did not share Truman’s desire to invade China
19. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, accused of transferring atomic secrets to the Soviets, were
a. convicted and deported to the Soviet Union
b. convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment
c. convicted, sentenced to death, and executed, despite two years of appeals and public protests
d. convicted and sentenced to death, but released after two years of appeals and public protests
e. convicted but released when key witnesses admitted to lying
20. The nation’s most prominent leader of the crusade against domestic subversion was
a. J. Edgar Hoover
b. Whittaker Chambers
c. Joseph McCarthy
d. Richard M. Nixon
e. Robert F. Kennedy
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