Download arpanet - Austin ISD

ARPANET:
TCP/IP:
Infrastructure
Telnet:
Packet:
Host:
Transfer:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Cache:
Cookie
ARPANET was the network that became the basis for the Internet.
It was funded by
U.S. military sources and consisted of a number of individual
computers connected by leased
lines. ARPANET was replaced over time in the 1980's by a
separate new network, the Defense
Data Network, and NSFNet, a network of scientific and academic
computers funded by the
National Science Foundation.
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) a set of
protocols used to allow
computers to share resources across a network. These protocols
support file transfer, remote
logon, and electronic mail between users on the different host
computers on the network.
Infrastructure: is the physical hardware (such as computers,
telephone lines, cable lines,
routers, repeaters, etc) used to connect users to the computers. It
supports the flow and
processing of information.
Telnet: is the way you can access someone else's computer, when
they give you permission to
do so. Remote login
Packet: to send a message over a packet-switch network, the
whole message is first cut up into
smaller “packets” and each is numbered and labeled with an
address saying where it came from
and another saying where it’s going
Host: any computer that has full two-way access to other
computers on the Internet.
Transfer: is the movement of one or more files from one location
to another. You can also use
such devices as diskettes, zip drives or compression programs to
transfer files. A collection of
electronically stored files can be moved by physically
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) a protocol in the Internet suite,
which allows a user on any
computer to get files from another computer, or to send files to
another computer. (Uploading and
downing of files)
Cache: a temporary storage area for frequently accessed or
recently accessed data. Having
certain data stored in a cache speeds up the operation of the
computer. There are 2 kinds of
cache: internal or memory cache and external or disk cache.
Internal cache is built into the
processor and external cache is on the motherboard. When an item
is called for, the computer
first checks the internal cache, then the external cache, and finally
the slower main storage.
Cookie: a set of data that a Web site server gives to a browser the
first time the user visits the
site that is updated with each return visit. The remote server saves
the information the cookie
contains about the user and the user’s browser does the same, as a
file stored in the Netscape or
Explorer system folder,
Protocol:
Protocol: format or set of rules for communication, either over a
network or between applications.
(Sets the norm of how things should operate)
Domain:
Domain: an Internet address in alphabetical form (for example,
Austin.isd.tenet.edu) Domain
names must have at least two parts: the part on the left names the
organization, and the part on
the right identifies the sub domain.
URL:
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Freeware:
Boolean:
Search Engines:
Spider (in terms of the
Internet...not the Itsy Bitsy kind)
CD-ROM:
Browser:
URL: (Uniform Resource Locator) the address for an Internet
Web site, beginning with http://.
This is the stand that identifies the location of an object on the
Internet, like for a specific
newsgroup
CPU (Central Processing Unit) the "brain” of the computer that
performs most computing tasks.
In microcomputers, the entire CPU is on a single chip. Also called
a processor.
Freeware: Software that is distributed at no charge. It is software
that is available free of
charge, but is copyrighted by the developer, who keeps the right to
control its redistribution and to
sell it in the future.
Boolean: Is an expression with two possible values, “true” and
“false” The most common used
are AND, OR and NOT.
Search Engines: a program that lets you do keyword searches for
information on the Internet.
Examples of search engines include AltaVista, Google, and Lycos
Spider (in terms of the Internet...not the Itsy Bitsy kind)
A spider also known as a crawler utilizes multiple engines
for searches. An example of a spider
would be http:/www.dogpile.com Spiders crawl through a
site's pages by making it possible to
follow all the hypertext links in each page until all the
pages have been read.
CD-ROM: A disk that is physically the same as an audio CD but
contains computer data.
Storage capacity is about 650-680 megabytes. CD-ROMs are
usually interchangeable between
different types of computers. Some exceptions may be found with
Macintosh software.
Browser: a program that allows users to read hypertext
documents on the World Wide Web and
navigate between them. Examples are Netscape Navigator,
Microsoft Internet Explorer, and
AOL.
Tag: a command that tells web pages how the text should appear
on the web pages
Body:
Header:
Byte:
Directory Folder:
Body: the focus or main area on a web page
Header: one or more lines of text that appear at the top of every
page of a document
nt.
Byte: a byte is 8 bits; one byte can represent a single character.
On most computers, the byte is
the unit of memory.
Directory Folder: places on a disk where you can store files and
subdirectories. The
organization of directories or folders and files and on a hard drive
is like the branches of an
upside –down tree. The main directory is called the “root
directory”