Download Europe and Japan in Ruins

Name: ___________________________________________________________________Period: __________ Date: __________
Aftermath of WWII
Standard: Demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of World War
II.
Essential Question: What was the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II?
Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan
for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan.
Post-War Europe
Description:
Nuremberg Trials:
Formation of the United Nations
League of Nations
United Nations
Purpose
Years of Service
Member Nations
Accomplishments
Soviets Build a Buffer
Nations:
Impact:
Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan
for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan.
Division of the Allies
Iron Curtain:
Berlin Blockade:
Berlin Wall:
NATO:
Warsaw Pact:
U.S. Commitment to Europe
Civil War:
Containment:
Marshall Plan:
Postwar Japan
Description:
Goal of Occupation
Demilitarization:
Reforms:
Democratization
Role of Emperor:
Development of the Constitution:
Aftermath of WWII
Standard: Demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of World War
II.
Essential Question: What was the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II?
d. Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall
Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan.
Post-War Europe
Description:
London, Warsaw, Berlin suffered terrible destruction
War torn cities had displaced agriculture
Spread of famine and disease
Missing able bodied men to plant fields
First winter after the war there was no food, shoes or coats
Nuremberg Trials
Description:
1. International Military tribunal representing 23 nations that lasted from 1945 to 1946 in Nuremberg,
Germany
2. trials on “crimes against humanity”
i. those found guilty were executed and their bodies were cremated at the concentration camp Dachau
Formation of the United Nations
League of Nations
Purpose
International peacekeeping
Years of Service
1919-1946
Member Nations
23 nation members
Accomplishments
Health and economic advancements; failed to
prevent World War II and was the reason for
disbanding
Soviets Build a Buffer
Nations:
 Albania
 Bulgaria
 Hungary
 Czechoslovakia
 Romania
 Poland
 Yugoslavia
United Nations
International peacekeeping
1945192 nation members
Economic development and environmental
protection
Impact:




Stalin viewed these countries as a necessary buffer
(wall of protection)
Stalin ignored his agreement at the Yalta conference
and designated in each country a communist
government
Truman pressed Stalin to live up to his agreement to
FDR at Yalta to allow free elections in Eastern
European countries
Stalin refused
 communism and capitalism could not exist in the
same world
d. Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall
Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan.
Division of the Allies
Iron Curtain:
 speech given by Winston Churchill
 figure of speech was representation Europe’s division into mostly democratic Western Europe and
Communist Eastern Europe
Berlin Blockade:
Berlin Wall:
NATO:
Warsaw Pact:
U.S. Commitment to Europe
Civil War:
Containment:
Marshall Plan:
 George Marshall, US Secretary of State 1947, proposed that the United States give aid to needy European
Countries
 Provided food, machinery
 $12.5 billion to aid European Nations in need
Postwar Japan
Description:
 Tokyo, Hiroshima, Nagasaki destroyed
 General McArthur placed in charge of U.S. occupation
 wanted to ensure peace and prevent a future war
Goal of Occupation
Demilitarization:
 disbanding of the Japanese armed forces
 done quickly
 only allowed a small police force
 Held trials for war criminals
o 7 out of 25 accused sentenced to death by
hanging, including Hideki Tojo (Japan’s
Prime Minister)
Democratization
Role of Emperor:
 before war the emperor viewed as divine
 after surrender Hirohito declared he was not
divine
 Emperor became a figure head
Reforms:
 broaden land ownership
o huge estates sold to the government
o government then sold to tenant farmers at
reasonable prices
 increase participation of workers and farmers
o creation of independent labor unions
Development of the Constitution:
 most important achievement of occupation
 drafted by McArthur and staff
 the Diet (Japanese 2 house Legislative body) ran
the government


transformed Imperial Japan into a constitutional
monarchy similar to Great Britain
a government created by the people




had a prime minister (head of the majority party
of parliament)
Everybody allowed to vote (men & women over
age of 20)
creation of Bill of rights to protect basic
freedoms
Article 9-the Japanese could no longer make war,
only fight if attacked
Is there still a U.S. presence in Japan today?
1. official peace treaty signed in September 1951 with 48 nations including US ending the war
2. March 1952 US occupation was over
3. Japan agreed to a continuing US military presence to protect their country in the absence of an armed
force.
4. Bitter enemies became allies