Download Ch 13 The State of Texas 1848-1860

Ch 14 The Civil War 1861-1865
Part 1 The Causes of the Civil War
States Rights
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The ________________ believed that the ____________
is a voluntary group of states and if the central
government goes too far, each _____________ has the
right to nullify that law.
In the time of the Civil War
“Union” means The United
States
Define Nullify:
Slavery
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Only _________________ percent of Southerners owned
___________________ but almost all ________________
supported slavery while most northerners opposed it.
Slavery was important to the booming ____________
industry
Tariff Disputes
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___________________= a tax on imported goods.
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South= wanted _________ tariffs
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North= wanted __________ tariffs.
Cultural and Economical Differences
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Why did the south want low
Tariffs?
Why did the north want high
tariffs?
South= life revolved _____________________, wealthy
planters and the economy they controlled.
North= _____________; cities were the center of society.
EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
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1852 _________________ by Harriet Beecher Stowe
It portrayed the moral issues of _________________
Many southerners believed the book falsely criticized the
____________________ and slavery.
What was the reaction of
most southern states to
Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened up new _________
What did Kansas finally
for settlement.
Allowed people in the territory to _________________ if become in 1861?
they wanted Slavery.
Fighting broke out against Free-Soil ________________
and Border Ruffian’s (pro-slavery).
1854-Charles Sumner attacked by Preston Brooks
• Preston Brooks a Senator from ___________ __________
beat Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner with his
___________ on the floor of the U.S. _______________.
What did southerners send
Brooks when his cane
broke?
Dred Scott Decision
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1856 The _____________ ________________ decision
ruled Scott (a slave) was _____________ a U.S. citizen
Dred Scott, a Missouri slave, sued for his freedom after
his owner died. His owner had lived in non slave states.
Ruling meant no slaves could ever be a _________ citizen
Harpers Ferry
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1859: ______________________ John Brown and his
followers seized the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia.
They hoped to stir a slave __________________ and end
slavery in Virginia.
Brown (who had murdered slavery men in Kansas) was
captured and ___________________________.
After the John Brown’s raid
on Harpers Ferry, what did
the southern states start
doing?
The Election of Abraham Lincoln
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The south was opposed to ________________ Lincoln in
the White House and threatened to __________ the Union
if he won the election of 1860.
Lincoln won 40 percent of the votes and became the
16th ____________________.
SECESSION!!!!!!!!!!!
After the election of
Abraham Lincoln South
Carolina seceded from the
United States.
Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana,
Florida and Texas quickly
followed.
After the first shots of the
Civil War were fired at Ft.
Sumter in Charleston, South
Carolina 4 more southern
states seceded, Virginia,
North Carolina, Tennessee,
and Arkansas
4 slave states did not secede,
Maryland, Delaware,
Kentucky, and Missouri.
These states are known as
border states.
Part 2 The Secession of Texas
The Secession Convention in Texas
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Sam
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Judge Oran _____________ (of the Texas Supreme Court) Define Ordinance:
was elected to lead the meeting held on January 28, ____.
The meeting was intense as they voted 166 to 8 to adopt
an ordinance of _______________________.
Texans ________________ for Secession on February 23, Define Secession:
1861, and joined the ______________________ States of
America or shortened: The ______________________.
The southern states formed
a new southern country
Houston was Governor
during the Civil War. What
Houston was __________________ Texas’s secession.
was this country called?
After secession passed Houston hoped Texas would then
remain ______________________, instead of joining the
_________________________.
President ______________________ offered Houston the
use of 2,700 ___________________ troops to keep Texas
in the Union.
Houston said _____________________.
He stated that he had always fought __________ Texas
and would not fight ____________________ it now.
Sam Houston refused to take an __________________ of
loyalty to the Confederacy, and therefore, he was
______________ from his position as governor.
Define Deposed:
Sam Houston Dies
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Houston returned to _________________________,
Texas and _____________ July 26, 1863.
His last words were "Texas. Texas. Margaret". (Margaret
was his wife)
Are you as sad as I am?
1861
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After Texas joined the ___________________, all of the
Federal (U.S.) troops in Texas were forced to _________. Where were the first shots
However, Federal Troops at Fort _____________ in South of the Civil War fired?
Carolina refused to leave the fort. So on April 12, 1861,
Confederate cannon began ____________________ at
Fort Sumter, to begin the __________________________.
War in Texas
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The north used a _____________________ on Texas and
the Gulf coast to stop all trading of _____________ and
war supplies. This was called the “___________________
Plan”. It was meant to starve and divide the south and not
let it trade with _______________________
Texas Battles
• Galveston
(Jan 1863)
• Sabine Pass
(Sept 1863)
• Mansfield
(Apr 1864)
All Confederate _______________________________
Who designed the Anaconda
Plan?
Texas tries to take Santa Fe and New
Mexico…again
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How many times has Texas
In 1862, in an effort to spread ________________ control tried to take Santa Fe?
_____________________ and seize gold and silver mines,
Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley had 3,500 Texan
soldiers invade New Mexico.
The Texan army won at the Battle of ________________,
took ________________________ but was defeated at the
Battle of Glorieta Pass and limped back to Texas
FLAGS OF THE CIVIL WAR
The Stars and Bars
Flag of the Confederacy
The Confederate Battle Flag
Part 3 The Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
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President of the United States during the ______________ Lincoln was the very first
Against _________________ but was willing to keep it to president to wear a what?
preserve the “_____________________.”
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Used the army to arrest many pro-secession politicians in
Maryland so he could save Washington D.C. as the U.S.
capital.
President Lincoln’s 4 brother-in-laws were
__________________________.
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the ___________________________ during
the Civil War
The first Capital of the confederacy was Montgomery,
Alabama.
When _____________________ seceded the Capital of
the Confederacy was _____________________, Virginia
Robert E. Lee
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In 1862, Lee took over the Confederate army.
Born in ___________________________
Fought for the U.S. in the Mexican American War.
Lee privately ridiculed the Confederacy in letters in early
1861, denouncing secession as "revolution" and a betrayal
of the efforts of the Founding Fathers.
Resigned from U.S. army to join the _________________
because Virginia seceded
Lee was an excellent _______________ and is one of the
most celebrated military figures in American History.
Military historians continue to pay attention to his
battlefield _____________ and his maneuvering in battle.
What was the Capital of the
Confederacy for most of the
War?
Today Robert E. Lee is as
beloved in the southern
United States as he was
when he was alive. Many
things are named in his
honor including a Virginia
University, Washington and
Lee
What was the average
height of a Civil War
soldier?
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Bull Run (called Manassas in the south)
The first battle of the Civil War
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People on both sides thought this would be a __________
war. After one battle they figured it would be over.
Tourist from Washington D.C. came to watch the battle.
________________ soldiers eventually fled the battlefield
giving the Confederacy its first victory.
The battle was bloody. Just under a combined _________
soldiers was killed.
After the loss at ________________ the Union realized it
needed to properly train its Army to defeat the South.
Lincoln selected George B. McClellan to train the Union
Army and invade Virginia
Who can say that the Civil
War began in his front yard
and ended in his parlor?
What nickname did Thomas
Jackson receive during the
battle of Bull Run?
Who won Bull Run?
Peninsula Campaign
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McClellan eventually raised a 121,000 man army and
____________________ the coast of Virginia.
McClellan stalled his invasion however when Confederate
General John B. Magruder __________________ him to
thinking the Confederates out-numbered the Union forces.
Seven Days Battles
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When _______________________took over the
Confederate Army in 1862 he was determined to stop
McClellan from taking the capital Richmond.
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Gen. Lee attacked McClellan ________ and __________ at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage's Station,
Frayser's Farm, and Malvern Hill. McClellan won four out
of the five battles, but proved as fearful in victory as he
was in defeat, backing away until he reached Harrison's
Landing on the James River. The Seven Days battles
__________________ any hope The Peninsula Campaign
could end the war
Who won the Battle of the
Seven Days?
Battle of Shiloh
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Who won the Battle of
In Tennessee near an old church named
Shiloh?
_______________, the Confederate Army attacked
the Union army led by Ulysses S. Grant.
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The Battle was a bloody and both sides suffered a
combined 20,000 __________________. The
Union won the battle and invaded south along the
________________ River.
Battle of Antietam
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McClellan attacked Lee near Sharpsburg, ____________.
Over 25,000 casualties on both sides
Battle was a __________ but gave Lincoln the confidence
to announce the ______________ _________________.
.
Who won the Battle of
Antietam?
What did the Emancipation
Proclamation do?
Fredericksburg
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After Antietam in Dec 1862, the North once again tried to
drive south to ____________________.
Fredericksburg was one of the most one-sided battles of
the American Civil War. The Union Army lost and
suffered terrible casualties in a brutal frontal assault on
against Confederate defenders behind a ______________
in the city.
Brought to an early end their _______________ against
the Confederate capital of Richmond.
Union General Carousel
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McClellan was _____________ by Lincoln for not being
decisive enough.
Who won the Battle of
Fredericksburg?
Part 4 The Civil War Concluded
VICKSBURG
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Grant captured _____________, Mississippi after a long
siege from May 18 to July 4, 1863. It gave the North
control of the ____________________ River and cut off
_______________ from the rest of the South.
Abraham Lincoln was so impressed with Ulysses S. Grant
he gave him command of the entire Union ____________.
Gettysburg
July 1st -3rd 1863.
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Lee decided to invade the __________ to try and force
________________ to end the war.
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The battle was fought in _______________, Pennsylvania
and was the bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil
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Joshua Lawrence Chamberlin’s 20th Maine held Little
Round Top which saved the _______ from being flanked.
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After Lee failed to flank the Union, he ordered George
________________ and 15,000 men to charge the middle
of the Union Lines.
“Pickett’s _____________” was a disaster. Lee lost 7,000
men. Afterwards when Lee told Pickett to rally his
division for the defense, Pickett allegedly replied,
"General Lee, I have no division.“
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Gettysburg was the ______________ point of the war.
Afterwards the North was in charge and the Confederacy
was just trying its best to defend itself.
Who won the siege of
Vicksburg?
Why was taking the Mississippi
so important to the Union?
Who won the Battle of
Gettysburg?
Grant Invades the South
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After Gettysburg, ___________________ pushed south to
once again try and capture ____________________.
Grant tried again and again to get around the right side of
Lee's army, destroy it, then move on Richmond and end
the war. Lee saw what he was trying to do and managed to
stop him. The struggle continued along a hundred-mile
line before the two armies settled in for a _____________
at Petersburg, southeast of the Confederate capital
William Tecumseh Sherman
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Grant gave his friend ________________ the job of
taking ___________________, Georgia.
“March To The Sea”
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What did Sherman’s March to
After a tough fight to capture Atlanta, Sherman marched
his men southeast to the ocean and took ______________, the Sea do?
Georgia
Sherman then marched north into the Carolina’s.
The south was now _____________________ further still.
The End
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Lee is forced from his trenches in April of 1865 and
_________ west with Grant in pursuit.
Grant catches Lee at ____________________ Courthouse
in western Virginia. Lee is forced to _________________.
The War officially ends at Appomattox
Courthouse
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Where did Robert E. Lee
surrender?
Grant chooses Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, the ______
of Little Round Top at Gettysburg, to accept the official
surrender of Lee.
Battle of Palmito Ranch
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The ______________ battle of the Civil War took place at
____________ Ranch in south ___________ on May 12th
and the 13th of 1865.
The Union attacked Brownsville to stop ____________
shipments across the Rio Grande
The Confederate forces from Texas, led by John “Rip”
Ford (the famous Texas _____________) actually ______
the battle, even though the war was over at this point.
Texans in the War
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Nearly ______,000 men from Texas fought for the
_________________________.
The most famous group was the Texas __________ led by
John Bell ____________________ which fought in the
Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee.
“Texan’s always move them!!!”
-Robert E. Lee
At the battle of the Wilderness in 1864
Albert Sidney Johnston
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Killed at the battle of ____________________,
considered one of the top Confederate leaders in war.
Other groups from Texas, included Terry’s Texas Rangers
and Ross’s Brigade who gained fame for fighting all over
the confederacy.
The Draft
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During the war the Confederacy used a _____________ to
get more soldiers.
All men 18-35 had to serve
Very _________________________________
In the South the ________________ could avoid it if they
owned 20 _________ or hired someone to take their place
The Cost of the Civil War
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The Civil War lasted from April ______ to May of _____.
Around 600,000 Americans were killed and another 400
thousand were wounded.
What other war did Albert
Sidney Johnston fight in?