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Download Ch 13 The State of Texas 1848-1860
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Ch 14 The Civil War 1861-1865 Part 1 The Causes of the Civil War States Rights The ________________ believed that the ____________ is a voluntary group of states and if the central government goes too far, each _____________ has the right to nullify that law. In the time of the Civil War “Union” means The United States Define Nullify: Slavery Only _________________ percent of Southerners owned ___________________ but almost all ________________ supported slavery while most northerners opposed it. Slavery was important to the booming ____________ industry Tariff Disputes ___________________= a tax on imported goods. South= wanted _________ tariffs North= wanted __________ tariffs. Cultural and Economical Differences Why did the south want low Tariffs? Why did the north want high tariffs? South= life revolved _____________________, wealthy planters and the economy they controlled. North= _____________; cities were the center of society. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 _________________ by Harriet Beecher Stowe It portrayed the moral issues of _________________ Many southerners believed the book falsely criticized the ____________________ and slavery. What was the reaction of most southern states to Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Kansas-Nebraska Act • • • 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened up new _________ What did Kansas finally for settlement. Allowed people in the territory to _________________ if become in 1861? they wanted Slavery. Fighting broke out against Free-Soil ________________ and Border Ruffian’s (pro-slavery). 1854-Charles Sumner attacked by Preston Brooks • Preston Brooks a Senator from ___________ __________ beat Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner with his ___________ on the floor of the U.S. _______________. What did southerners send Brooks when his cane broke? Dred Scott Decision 1856 The _____________ ________________ decision ruled Scott (a slave) was _____________ a U.S. citizen Dred Scott, a Missouri slave, sued for his freedom after his owner died. His owner had lived in non slave states. Ruling meant no slaves could ever be a _________ citizen Harpers Ferry 1859: ______________________ John Brown and his followers seized the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. They hoped to stir a slave __________________ and end slavery in Virginia. Brown (who had murdered slavery men in Kansas) was captured and ___________________________. After the John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, what did the southern states start doing? The Election of Abraham Lincoln The south was opposed to ________________ Lincoln in the White House and threatened to __________ the Union if he won the election of 1860. Lincoln won 40 percent of the votes and became the 16th ____________________. SECESSION!!!!!!!!!!! After the election of Abraham Lincoln South Carolina seceded from the United States. Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida and Texas quickly followed. After the first shots of the Civil War were fired at Ft. Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina 4 more southern states seceded, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas 4 slave states did not secede, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri. These states are known as border states. Part 2 The Secession of Texas The Secession Convention in Texas • • • Sam • • • • • • Judge Oran _____________ (of the Texas Supreme Court) Define Ordinance: was elected to lead the meeting held on January 28, ____. The meeting was intense as they voted 166 to 8 to adopt an ordinance of _______________________. Texans ________________ for Secession on February 23, Define Secession: 1861, and joined the ______________________ States of America or shortened: The ______________________. The southern states formed a new southern country Houston was Governor during the Civil War. What Houston was __________________ Texas’s secession. was this country called? After secession passed Houston hoped Texas would then remain ______________________, instead of joining the _________________________. President ______________________ offered Houston the use of 2,700 ___________________ troops to keep Texas in the Union. Houston said _____________________. He stated that he had always fought __________ Texas and would not fight ____________________ it now. Sam Houston refused to take an __________________ of loyalty to the Confederacy, and therefore, he was ______________ from his position as governor. Define Deposed: Sam Houston Dies • • Houston returned to _________________________, Texas and _____________ July 26, 1863. His last words were "Texas. Texas. Margaret". (Margaret was his wife) Are you as sad as I am? 1861 • • After Texas joined the ___________________, all of the Federal (U.S.) troops in Texas were forced to _________. Where were the first shots However, Federal Troops at Fort _____________ in South of the Civil War fired? Carolina refused to leave the fort. So on April 12, 1861, Confederate cannon began ____________________ at Fort Sumter, to begin the __________________________. War in Texas • The north used a _____________________ on Texas and the Gulf coast to stop all trading of _____________ and war supplies. This was called the “___________________ Plan”. It was meant to starve and divide the south and not let it trade with _______________________ Texas Battles • Galveston (Jan 1863) • Sabine Pass (Sept 1863) • Mansfield (Apr 1864) All Confederate _______________________________ Who designed the Anaconda Plan? Texas tries to take Santa Fe and New Mexico…again • • How many times has Texas In 1862, in an effort to spread ________________ control tried to take Santa Fe? _____________________ and seize gold and silver mines, Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley had 3,500 Texan soldiers invade New Mexico. The Texan army won at the Battle of ________________, took ________________________ but was defeated at the Battle of Glorieta Pass and limped back to Texas FLAGS OF THE CIVIL WAR The Stars and Bars Flag of the Confederacy The Confederate Battle Flag Part 3 The Civil War Abraham Lincoln • • President of the United States during the ______________ Lincoln was the very first Against _________________ but was willing to keep it to president to wear a what? preserve the “_____________________.” • Used the army to arrest many pro-secession politicians in Maryland so he could save Washington D.C. as the U.S. capital. President Lincoln’s 4 brother-in-laws were __________________________. • Jefferson Davis • • • President of the ___________________________ during the Civil War The first Capital of the confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama. When _____________________ seceded the Capital of the Confederacy was _____________________, Virginia Robert E. Lee • • • • • • • In 1862, Lee took over the Confederate army. Born in ___________________________ Fought for the U.S. in the Mexican American War. Lee privately ridiculed the Confederacy in letters in early 1861, denouncing secession as "revolution" and a betrayal of the efforts of the Founding Fathers. Resigned from U.S. army to join the _________________ because Virginia seceded Lee was an excellent _______________ and is one of the most celebrated military figures in American History. Military historians continue to pay attention to his battlefield _____________ and his maneuvering in battle. What was the Capital of the Confederacy for most of the War? Today Robert E. Lee is as beloved in the southern United States as he was when he was alive. Many things are named in his honor including a Virginia University, Washington and Lee What was the average height of a Civil War soldier? Battles of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run (called Manassas in the south) The first battle of the Civil War • • • • • • People on both sides thought this would be a __________ war. After one battle they figured it would be over. Tourist from Washington D.C. came to watch the battle. ________________ soldiers eventually fled the battlefield giving the Confederacy its first victory. The battle was bloody. Just under a combined _________ soldiers was killed. After the loss at ________________ the Union realized it needed to properly train its Army to defeat the South. Lincoln selected George B. McClellan to train the Union Army and invade Virginia Who can say that the Civil War began in his front yard and ended in his parlor? What nickname did Thomas Jackson receive during the battle of Bull Run? Who won Bull Run? Peninsula Campaign • • McClellan eventually raised a 121,000 man army and ____________________ the coast of Virginia. McClellan stalled his invasion however when Confederate General John B. Magruder __________________ him to thinking the Confederates out-numbered the Union forces. Seven Days Battles When _______________________took over the Confederate Army in 1862 he was determined to stop McClellan from taking the capital Richmond. Gen. Lee attacked McClellan ________ and __________ at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage's Station, Frayser's Farm, and Malvern Hill. McClellan won four out of the five battles, but proved as fearful in victory as he was in defeat, backing away until he reached Harrison's Landing on the James River. The Seven Days battles __________________ any hope The Peninsula Campaign could end the war Who won the Battle of the Seven Days? Battle of Shiloh Who won the Battle of In Tennessee near an old church named Shiloh? _______________, the Confederate Army attacked the Union army led by Ulysses S. Grant. The Battle was a bloody and both sides suffered a combined 20,000 __________________. The Union won the battle and invaded south along the ________________ River. Battle of Antietam McClellan attacked Lee near Sharpsburg, ____________. Over 25,000 casualties on both sides Battle was a __________ but gave Lincoln the confidence to announce the ______________ _________________. . Who won the Battle of Antietam? What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? Fredericksburg After Antietam in Dec 1862, the North once again tried to drive south to ____________________. Fredericksburg was one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War. The Union Army lost and suffered terrible casualties in a brutal frontal assault on against Confederate defenders behind a ______________ in the city. Brought to an early end their _______________ against the Confederate capital of Richmond. Union General Carousel McClellan was _____________ by Lincoln for not being decisive enough. Who won the Battle of Fredericksburg? Part 4 The Civil War Concluded VICKSBURG Grant captured _____________, Mississippi after a long siege from May 18 to July 4, 1863. It gave the North control of the ____________________ River and cut off _______________ from the rest of the South. Abraham Lincoln was so impressed with Ulysses S. Grant he gave him command of the entire Union ____________. Gettysburg July 1st -3rd 1863. Lee decided to invade the __________ to try and force ________________ to end the war. The battle was fought in _______________, Pennsylvania and was the bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil Joshua Lawrence Chamberlin’s 20th Maine held Little Round Top which saved the _______ from being flanked. After Lee failed to flank the Union, he ordered George ________________ and 15,000 men to charge the middle of the Union Lines. “Pickett’s _____________” was a disaster. Lee lost 7,000 men. Afterwards when Lee told Pickett to rally his division for the defense, Pickett allegedly replied, "General Lee, I have no division.“ • • Gettysburg was the ______________ point of the war. Afterwards the North was in charge and the Confederacy was just trying its best to defend itself. Who won the siege of Vicksburg? Why was taking the Mississippi so important to the Union? Who won the Battle of Gettysburg? Grant Invades the South • • After Gettysburg, ___________________ pushed south to once again try and capture ____________________. Grant tried again and again to get around the right side of Lee's army, destroy it, then move on Richmond and end the war. Lee saw what he was trying to do and managed to stop him. The struggle continued along a hundred-mile line before the two armies settled in for a _____________ at Petersburg, southeast of the Confederate capital William Tecumseh Sherman Grant gave his friend ________________ the job of taking ___________________, Georgia. “March To The Sea” • • • What did Sherman’s March to After a tough fight to capture Atlanta, Sherman marched his men southeast to the ocean and took ______________, the Sea do? Georgia Sherman then marched north into the Carolina’s. The south was now _____________________ further still. The End • • Lee is forced from his trenches in April of 1865 and _________ west with Grant in pursuit. Grant catches Lee at ____________________ Courthouse in western Virginia. Lee is forced to _________________. The War officially ends at Appomattox Courthouse Where did Robert E. Lee surrender? Grant chooses Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, the ______ of Little Round Top at Gettysburg, to accept the official surrender of Lee. Battle of Palmito Ranch • • • The ______________ battle of the Civil War took place at ____________ Ranch in south ___________ on May 12th and the 13th of 1865. The Union attacked Brownsville to stop ____________ shipments across the Rio Grande The Confederate forces from Texas, led by John “Rip” Ford (the famous Texas _____________) actually ______ the battle, even though the war was over at this point. Texans in the War • • Nearly ______,000 men from Texas fought for the _________________________. The most famous group was the Texas __________ led by John Bell ____________________ which fought in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. “Texan’s always move them!!!” -Robert E. Lee At the battle of the Wilderness in 1864 Albert Sidney Johnston • • Killed at the battle of ____________________, considered one of the top Confederate leaders in war. Other groups from Texas, included Terry’s Texas Rangers and Ross’s Brigade who gained fame for fighting all over the confederacy. The Draft • • • • During the war the Confederacy used a _____________ to get more soldiers. All men 18-35 had to serve Very _________________________________ In the South the ________________ could avoid it if they owned 20 _________ or hired someone to take their place The Cost of the Civil War • • The Civil War lasted from April ______ to May of _____. Around 600,000 Americans were killed and another 400 thousand were wounded. What other war did Albert Sidney Johnston fight in?