* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Jainism and Review WHAP/Napp Do Now: “Jainism is another
Buddhist art wikipedia , lookup
Noble Eightfold Path wikipedia , lookup
Early Buddhist schools wikipedia , lookup
Triratna Buddhist Community wikipedia , lookup
Persecution of Buddhists wikipedia , lookup
Dhyāna in Buddhism wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism and psychology wikipedia , lookup
Pratītyasamutpāda wikipedia , lookup
Buddhist philosophy wikipedia , lookup
Greco-Buddhism wikipedia , lookup
Sanghyang Adi Buddha wikipedia , lookup
Buddhist ethics wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism and Western philosophy wikipedia , lookup
History of Buddhism in Cambodia wikipedia , lookup
History of Buddhism wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism and sexual orientation wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism in Japan wikipedia , lookup
Nirvana (Buddhism) wikipedia , lookup
Chinese Buddhism wikipedia , lookup
Dalit Buddhist movement wikipedia , lookup
History of Buddhism in India wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism and Hinduism wikipedia , lookup
Enlightenment in Buddhism wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism in Vietnam wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism in Myanmar wikipedia , lookup
Women in Buddhism wikipedia , lookup
Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent wikipedia , lookup
Jainism and Review WHAP/Napp Do Now: “Jainism is another religion of India, with many similarities to early Buddhism. At about the time of the Buddha, the teacher Mahavir (c. 540 B.C.E.), the twenty-fourth in a long lineage of Jain religious leaders, guided the religion into its modern form. The religion takes its name from Mahavir’s designation jina, or conqueror. Like Theravada Buddhists, Jains reject the caste system and the supremacy of Brahmin priests, postulating instead that there is no god, but that humans do have souls that they can purify by careful attention to their actions, especially by practicing nonviolence. If they follow the eternal law of ethical treatment of others and devotion to the rather austere [having few pleasures] rituals of the faith, Jains believe they will reach nirvana, which is an end to the cycle of rebirths rather than a rewarding afterlife. Jainism’s emphasis on nonviolence is so powerful that Jains typically do not become farmers lest they kill living creatures in the soil. In a country overwhelmingly agricultural, Jains are usually urban and often businessmen. Jainism did not spread outside India, and its 4 million adherents today live almost entirely in India. Because Jains, like earlier Buddhists, employ Brahmin priests to officiate at their life cycle events, and because Jains intermarry freely with Hindu vaishya (business) subcastes, some consider them a branch of Hinduism, although they do not usually regard themselves as Hindus. One of the regions of Jain strength in India is western Gujarat, the region where Mahatma Gandhi grew up. The Mahatma attributed his adherence to nonviolence in large part to the influence of Jainism.” ~ The World’s History 1- Who was Mahavir [Mahavira]? ________________________________________________________________________ 2- Define jina. ________________________________________________________________________ 3- What do you think Mahavir “conquered”? ________________________________________________________________________ 4- What similarities does Jainism share with Theravada Buddhism? ________________________________________________________________________ 5- Explain the Jain view on god. ________________________________________________________________________ 6- According to Jainism, why must humans pay careful attention to their actions? ________________________________________________________________________ 7- According to Jainism, what must humans practice? ________________________________________________________________________ 8- How do Jains view nirvana? ________________________________________________________________________ 9- Why do Jains not become farmers? ________________________________________________________________________ 10- What occupation is acceptable for a Jain? ________________________________________________________________________ 11- Why do some individuals consider Jainism a branch of Hinduism? ________________________________________________________________________ 12- How did Jainism influence Mohandas K. Gandhi? ____________________________ Belief Systems: Review – Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism - Originated in India from - Originated in India - Developed for Chinese beliefs of the Aryan invaders - Founder: an Indian prince culture and practiced from named Siddhartha Gautama around 400 B.C.E. onward; - No single founder adopted by Han Dynasty - Known as “Buddha,” or - Everything in the world is “enlightened one” (500s - Confucius: Founder part of a divine essence BCE) [Thoughts and sayings called Brahman collected by followers in the - Four Noble Truths: Analects] - Union with Brahman is Life has suffering achieved through Desire causes suffering - A political and social reincarnation or samsara Suffering can end philosophy Follow Eightfold Path - A person’s good or evil (Right view, Right speech…) - Dealing with how to restore deeds in his personal life is political and social order the person’s karma - Following the path enables a person to move toward - Five Relationships [Ruler - To die with good karma: nirvana or perfect peace and subject; Father and son; reincarnated into higher Husband and wife; Elder caste but evil karma leads to - Nirvana: end of suffering brother and younger rebirth in lower caste brother; Friend and friend] - Spread by missionaries - If the soul (atman) lives a - Afforded men and women - When each person lives up number of good lives, it is monastic opportunities as to his obligations, society is united with Brahman monks and nuns orderly and harmonious. - Upon achieving unification, - After the death of the moksha, the soul is freed Buddha, Buddhism split into from worldly suffering two movements - The moral law, or dharma, serves as a guide to actions - In Theravada, Buddha not considered a god - Dharma: the obligations of each person [rules of caste] - In Mahayana, Buddha became a godlike deity - Hindu caste system [fixed social class system – determined by birth] - Also bodhisattvas, those who have achieved nirvana but remain on Earth - Consider cattle sacred and forbid consumption of beef - Rejected of caste but accepted reincarnation - Sanskrit: holy language -Mauryan Ashoka converted - Concentrates on formation of junzi, men considered superior because educated and able to put aside personal ambition for good of state Also: Ren - a sense of humanity, kindness, and benevolence Li – proper conduct Xiao – filial piety [to honor and obey parents/ancestors] - women in China were considered inferior - Began basis of examination system 1- Although Hindus and Buddhists share a belief in reincarnation, Hindu and Buddhist views on the purpose of reincarnation differs. How do Hindus and Buddhists view the purpose of reincarnation differently? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2- How does moksha differ from nirvana? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3- Identify one similarity and one difference between the Buddhist conception of the Noble Eightfold Path and the Confucian beliefs in ren, li, and xiao? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4- What is a primary difference between Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism and why does the Mahayana Buddhist belief in bodhisattvas increase this difference? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5- How and why does the status of women differ in Buddhism and Confucianism? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6- How do the Hindu concepts of karma and dharma affect reincarnation? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7- How is the Hindu caste system similar and different from the Confucian concept of the Five Relationships? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Let’s examine the 2006 Change over Time Essay from the World History AP: Analyze the cultural and political changes and continuities in ONE of the following civilizations during the last centuries of the classical era. Chinese, 100 C.E. to 600 C.E. Roman, 100 C.E. to 600 C.E. Indian, 300 C.E. to 600 C.E. Questions Pertaining to China during this time period: A- Identify the dates of the Han Dynasty. ________________________________________________________________________ B- What belief system was adopted as the official philosophy of the Han Dynasty? ________________________________________________________________________ C- How did the adoption of this belief system impact the Han government? ________________________________________________________________________ D- How did the adoption of this belief system impact the daily lives of the Chinese? ________________________________________________________________________ E- When the Han Dynasty collapsed, Buddhism became increasingly popular. Why did Buddhism become increasingly popular in China during this time? ________________________________________________________________________ 1. Like Hindus and Buddhists, Jains believe in the cycle of birth and death called (A) Karma (B) Jiva (C) Samsara (D) Dharma 2. Jains avoid accumulating negative karma by (A) Working at harmless professions (B) Building bird hospitals (C) Being strict vegetarians (D) Any of these 3. The founder of Buddhism developed a religion centered on (A) Belief in heaven (B) Regulation of social interactions (C) Support of the caste system (D) Elimination of desire and suffering 4. Which of the following pairs of belief systems offered opportunities for women to lead monastic lives? (A) Buddhism and Christianity (B) Buddhism and Judaism (C) Confucianism and Hinduism (D) Confucianism and Islam (E) Hinduism and Islam 5. Confucius argued that (A) Chinese society should be structured on a strictly egalitarian basis (B) Individuals can best develop their potential if isolated from the rest of society (C) Men are fundamentally competitive and should be concerned primarily with individual achievement (D) Education is essential to becoming a refined gentleman 6. Dharma and karma are important concepts in which of the following two religions? (A) Judaism and Buddhism (B) Daoism and Confucianism (C) Hinduism and Islam (D) Buddhism and Hinduism (E) Christianity and Judaism 7. The truths that the Buddha claimed either draw on or depart from the fundamental principles of which belief system? (A) Christianity (B) Hinduism (C) Islam (D) Judaism (E) Hellenism 8. The Four Noble Truths are associated with (A) Buddhism (B) Confucianism (C) Legalism (D) Judaism (E) Islam 9. Monasticism is a characteristic of which of the following religions? (A) Judaism (B) Hinduism (C) Jainism (D) Confucianism (E) Buddhism 10. Which of the following religions would most likely use the following symbols: the lotus, the wheel, the endless knot, the conch shell, and the pair of fish? (A) Confucianism (B) Christianity (C) Judaism (D) Buddhism (E) Islam