Download Jainism and Review WHAP/Napp Do Now: “Jainism is another

Jainism and Review
WHAP/Napp
Do Now:
“Jainism is another religion of India, with many similarities to early Buddhism. At about
the time of the Buddha, the teacher Mahavir (c. 540 B.C.E.), the twenty-fourth in a long
lineage of Jain religious leaders, guided the religion into its modern form. The religion
takes its name from Mahavir’s designation jina, or conqueror. Like Theravada Buddhists,
Jains reject the caste system and the supremacy of Brahmin priests, postulating instead
that there is no god, but that humans do have souls that they can purify by careful
attention to their actions, especially by practicing nonviolence. If they follow the eternal
law of ethical treatment of others and devotion to the rather austere [having few pleasures]
rituals of the faith, Jains believe they will reach nirvana, which is an end to the cycle of
rebirths rather than a rewarding afterlife.
Jainism’s emphasis on nonviolence is so powerful that Jains typically do not become
farmers lest they kill living creatures in the soil. In a country overwhelmingly agricultural,
Jains are usually urban and often businessmen. Jainism did not spread outside India, and
its 4 million adherents today live almost entirely in India. Because Jains, like earlier
Buddhists, employ Brahmin priests to officiate at their life cycle events, and because Jains
intermarry freely with Hindu vaishya (business) subcastes, some consider them a branch of
Hinduism, although they do not usually regard themselves as Hindus. One of the regions of
Jain strength in India is western Gujarat, the region where Mahatma Gandhi grew up.
The Mahatma attributed his adherence to nonviolence in large part to the influence of
Jainism.” ~ The World’s History
1- Who was Mahavir [Mahavira]?
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2- Define jina.
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3- What do you think Mahavir “conquered”?
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4- What similarities does Jainism share with Theravada Buddhism?
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5- Explain the Jain view on god.
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6- According to Jainism, why must humans pay careful attention to their actions?
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7- According to Jainism, what must humans practice?
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8- How do Jains view nirvana?
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9- Why do Jains not become farmers?
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10- What occupation is acceptable for a Jain?
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11- Why do some individuals consider Jainism a branch of Hinduism?
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12- How did Jainism influence Mohandas K. Gandhi? ____________________________
Belief Systems: Review – Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
- Originated in India from
- Originated in India
- Developed for Chinese
beliefs of the Aryan invaders - Founder: an Indian prince culture and practiced from
named Siddhartha Gautama around 400 B.C.E. onward;
- No single founder
adopted by Han Dynasty
- Known as “Buddha,” or
- Everything in the world is
“enlightened one” (500s
- Confucius: Founder
part of a divine essence
BCE)
[Thoughts and sayings
called Brahman
collected by followers in the
- Four Noble Truths:
Analects]
- Union with Brahman is
Life has suffering
achieved through
Desire causes suffering
- A political and social
reincarnation or samsara
Suffering can end
philosophy
Follow Eightfold Path
- A person’s good or evil
(Right view, Right speech…) - Dealing with how to restore
deeds in his personal life is
political and social order
the person’s karma
- Following the path enables
a person to move toward
- Five Relationships [Ruler
- To die with good karma:
nirvana or perfect peace
and subject; Father and son;
reincarnated into higher
Husband and wife; Elder
caste but evil karma leads to - Nirvana: end of suffering
brother and younger
rebirth in lower caste
brother; Friend and friend]
- Spread by missionaries
- If the soul (atman) lives a
- Afforded men and women
- When each person lives up
number of good lives, it is
monastic opportunities as
to his obligations, society is
united with Brahman
monks and nuns
orderly and harmonious.
- Upon achieving unification, - After the death of the
moksha, the soul is freed
Buddha, Buddhism split into
from worldly suffering
two movements
- The moral law, or dharma,
serves as a guide to actions
- In Theravada, Buddha not
considered a god
- Dharma: the obligations of
each person [rules of caste]
- In Mahayana, Buddha
became a godlike deity
- Hindu caste system [fixed
social class system –
determined by birth]
- Also bodhisattvas, those
who have achieved nirvana
but remain on Earth
- Consider cattle sacred and
forbid consumption of beef
- Rejected of caste but
accepted reincarnation
- Sanskrit: holy language
-Mauryan Ashoka converted
- Concentrates on formation
of junzi, men considered
superior because educated
and able to put aside
personal ambition for good
of state
Also:
Ren - a sense of humanity,
kindness, and benevolence
Li – proper conduct
Xiao – filial piety [to honor
and obey parents/ancestors]
- women in China were
considered inferior
- Began basis of examination
system
1- Although Hindus and Buddhists share a belief in reincarnation, Hindu and
Buddhist views on the purpose of reincarnation differs. How do Hindus and
Buddhists view the purpose of reincarnation differently?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2- How does moksha differ from nirvana?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3- Identify one similarity and one difference between the Buddhist conception of the
Noble Eightfold Path and the Confucian beliefs in ren, li, and xiao?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4- What is a primary difference between Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana
Buddhism and why does the Mahayana Buddhist belief in bodhisattvas increase this
difference?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5- How and why does the status of women differ in Buddhism and Confucianism?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6- How do the Hindu concepts of karma and dharma affect reincarnation?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7- How is the Hindu caste system similar and different from the Confucian concept of
the Five Relationships?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Let’s examine the 2006 Change over Time Essay from the World History AP:
Analyze the cultural and political changes and continuities in ONE of the following
civilizations during the last centuries of the classical era.
Chinese, 100 C.E. to 600 C.E.
Roman, 100 C.E. to 600 C.E.
Indian, 300 C.E. to 600 C.E.
Questions Pertaining to China during this time period:
A- Identify the dates of the Han Dynasty.
________________________________________________________________________
B- What belief system was adopted as the official philosophy of the Han Dynasty?
________________________________________________________________________
C- How did the adoption of this belief system impact the Han government?
________________________________________________________________________
D- How did the adoption of this belief system impact the daily lives of the Chinese?
________________________________________________________________________
E- When the Han Dynasty collapsed, Buddhism became increasingly popular. Why
did Buddhism become increasingly popular in China during this time?
________________________________________________________________________
1. Like Hindus and Buddhists, Jains
believe in the cycle of birth and death
called
(A) Karma
(B) Jiva
(C) Samsara
(D) Dharma
2. Jains avoid accumulating negative
karma by
(A) Working at harmless professions
(B) Building bird hospitals
(C) Being strict vegetarians
(D) Any of these
3. The founder of Buddhism developed
a religion centered on
(A) Belief in heaven
(B) Regulation of social interactions
(C) Support of the caste system
(D) Elimination of desire and
suffering
4. Which of the following pairs of belief
systems offered opportunities for
women to lead monastic lives?
(A) Buddhism and Christianity
(B) Buddhism and Judaism
(C) Confucianism and Hinduism
(D) Confucianism and Islam
(E) Hinduism and Islam
5. Confucius argued that
(A) Chinese society should be
structured on a strictly egalitarian
basis
(B) Individuals can best develop their
potential if isolated from the rest of
society
(C) Men are fundamentally
competitive and should be concerned
primarily with individual
achievement
(D) Education is essential to
becoming a refined gentleman
6. Dharma and karma are important
concepts in which of the following two
religions?
(A) Judaism and Buddhism
(B) Daoism and Confucianism
(C) Hinduism and Islam
(D) Buddhism and Hinduism
(E) Christianity and Judaism
7. The truths that the Buddha claimed
either draw on or depart from the
fundamental principles of which belief
system?
(A) Christianity
(B) Hinduism
(C) Islam
(D) Judaism
(E) Hellenism
8. The Four Noble Truths are associated
with
(A) Buddhism
(B) Confucianism
(C) Legalism
(D) Judaism
(E) Islam
9. Monasticism is a characteristic of which
of the following religions?
(A) Judaism
(B) Hinduism
(C) Jainism
(D) Confucianism
(E) Buddhism
10. Which of the following religions would
most likely use the following symbols: the
lotus, the wheel, the endless knot, the conch
shell, and the pair of fish?
(A) Confucianism
(B) Christianity
(C) Judaism
(D) Buddhism
(E) Islam