Download Parts of Speech Activities - FAZAKERLEY HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH

PARTS OF SPEECH
ACTIVITIES
ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE
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PARTS OF SPEECH
Words are the building blocks of sentences. Each word in a sentence can be identified
according to its position in the sentence and its function in that sentence.
1.
NOUNS
Nouns are words which name things. Nouns always answer the question ‘WHAT?’ or
‘WHO/WHOM?’ for people.
There are FIVE different categories:
a)
COMMON: the function of a common noun is to name concrete things usually categories of people, animals, objects and places.
e.g. woman, lion, car, city, university
b)
PROPER: the function of a proper noun is to name a specific person, animal,
object or place. A proper noun always starts with a capital letter.
e.g. Thato, Simba, Toyota, Kimberley, Rhodes
Note: Proper nouns do NOT take definite or indefinite articles (i.e. ‘a’ or ‘the’)
c)
COLLECTIVE: the function of a collective noun is to name a group (or
collection) of things, people or animals.
e.g. a flight of stairs; a crowd of people; a crash of rhinoceroses
Note: You need to be able to recognize a collective noun which is not used in
its phrase.
e.g. A crowd (of people) gathered outside the football stadium.
However, do note that there are many collective nouns that HAVE to be used
within the collective phrase.
You cannot, for example, say: While driving through the game reserve, we saw a
crash (of ??) galloping off into the sunset.
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d)
ABSTRACT: the function of an abstract noun is to name intangible things. In
other words, things that you cannot experience with any of your five senses. They
are usually ideas and emotions. There are certain common endings: -ism, -tion, acy, -ness, -ship, -ment.
e.g. socialism, revolution, democracy, kindness, friendship, embarrassment, dismay,
fear, truth, beauty
Note: There are words which do not fall clearly within the category of abstract
nouns.
e.g. the air, a laugh, the weather. Don’t spend sleepless nights worrying
about these - even the experts argue about them!
e)
AGENT: the function of an agent noun is to name the jobs/things people do.
e.g. teacher, spectator, wicket-keeper
NOTE: COMPOUND NOUNS - when two nouns are joined together to form one
word, they are called compound nouns. They can be written with a hyphen
(e.g. farm-buildings, wicket-keeper) or without (e.g. farmhouse, motorbike,
shirtsleeves).
NOUNS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
USE YOUR DICTIONARIES!
1. 1 Rewrite the sentences below, replacing the words in italics with one of the
nouns in the word bank.
cynic / junction / magnanimity / tirade / horizon / profile / survivors / speculation
/ bereavement / recruits / spendthrift / pacifist
1.1.1 He suffered a loss of a loved one through death.
1.1.2 The actress has a beautiful side view of the face.
1.1.3 He is a person who wants peace at any price.
1.1.4 Who would win the final was a subject for consideration, with guesswork.
1.1.5 I do not admire a person who sneers at the good intentions of others.
1.1.6 The sun was rising above the line where the earth and sky appear to meet.
1.1.7 A person who spends money recklessly can never be prosperous.
1.1.8 The soldiers who had just joined up were marched to their quarters.
1.1.9 The train approached the place where the railway lines met.
1.1.10 The people who remained alive described how the ship had been wrecked.
1.1.11 The king showed noble-mindedness and generosity in dealing with the rebels.
1.1.12 She delivered a long angry speech against the politicians.
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1.2.
Using the given definition, write in the noun for each of the following.
1.2.1 a place where cows are milked (d ____)
1.2.2 a person who flees from justice (f_______)
1.2.3 a strongroom in a bank where valuables are stored (v____)
1.2.4 a person who travels for pleasure (t______)
1.2.5 a person who dispenses medicine (p_________)
1.2.6 a place where weapons are stored (a______)
1.2.7 a place where grapevines are cultivated (v_______)
1.2.8 a person who performs tricks with the hands (c_______)
1.2.9 a place where many people sleep (d________)
1.2.10 an exceptionally intelligent person (g_____)
1.3. Noun triplets : Explain how the three nouns in each of these groups differ in
meaning.
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
bandit / swindler / kleptomaniac
anthology / dictionary / catalogue
subscription / allowance / donation
manslaughter / genocide / assassination
autobiography / obituary / fable
1.4. Form abstract nouns from these words.
1.4.1 vain
1.4.2 supreme
1.4.3 divine
1.4.4 arrogant
1.4.5 lose
1.4.6 behave
1.4.7 prove
1.4.8 forgive
1.4.9 revive
1.4.10 promote
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2.
PRONOUNS
Pronouns stand in the place of nouns and do the same work as nouns.
There are nine different kinds of pronouns.
a)
PERSONAL PRONOUNS:
refer to people and replace proper nouns.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS - SUBJECTIVE CASE
replace nouns that function as the subject of a verb
(i.e. the SUBJECT of a verb is the person/thing doing the action)
Singular
Plural
st
1 person
I
We
nd
2 person
You
You
3rd person
He, She, It
They
PERSONAL PRONOUNS - OBJECTIVE CASE
Replace nouns that function as the object of a verb
(i.e. the OBJECT of a verb is the person/ thing suffering the action)
Singular
Plural
st
1 person
me
us
2nd person
you
you
3rd person
him, her, it
them
b)
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: indicate belonging.
e.g. The book is mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs.
Remember: My book - my = adjective
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c)
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: are used when the action is about the person doing
the action. They all end in -self and cannot be left out.
e.g. I wash myself.
The lunatic shot himself.
d)
EMPHATIC PRONOUNS: are exactly the same words as reflexive pronouns
(they also all end in -self) but their function is different. They are used to show
emphasis.
e.g. She did her homework herself.
e)
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS:
introduce questions.
e.g. Who am I?
Which is yours?
(Remember: always use ‘whom’ after a preposition
e.g. To whom did you sell the car?
Do not confuse these with interrogative adjectives!)
f)
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS: point out where things are.
e.g. This is hers.
That doesn’t look too good.
Remember: ‘This’ & ‘That’ = singular; ‘These’ & ‘Those’ = plural
Do not confuse these with demonstrative adjectives!
g)
INDEFINITE/QUANTITAVE PRONOUNS: refer to people and things in a general,
non-specific way and are always written in the singular form.
e.g. anybody, someone, no-one, everybody, each, several, some
h)
DEFINITE/NUMERICAL PRONOUNS:
indicate a specific (definite) number or
amount.
e.g. Their final score was fifteen.
You may take a maximum of seven.
i)
RELATIVE PRONOUNS:
refer to a noun. They usually join sentences/clauses.
There are FIVE relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that.
Remember: ‘who’, ‘whom’ & ‘whose’ is used for people and
‘which’ & ‘that’ is used for animals or things.
e.g. The paramedic is the man who will save your life.
The dog is the animal that is most loyal to man.
Remember: relative pronouns can function as conjunctions
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PRONOUNS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
2.1
Replace ALL the nouns in the following sentences with personal pronouns.
The weather was cold and gusty. As Miles looked through the window into the
garden, he saw his father’s wheelbarrow lying broken next to the flower bed. Miles
knew that when his father came home, he would blame him.
From the above exercise, you should notice that sometimes pronouns can cause
ambiguity if they are not preceded by the noun which they are
replacing.
2.2
Identify the emphatic and reflexive pronouns in the following sentences.
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
The teacher himself did not know the answer.
In a moment of desperation, she hurled herself from the moving train.
I hurt myself during the hockey match yesterday.
The children had to entertain themselves while their parents gambled
at the casino.
2.2.5 I can’t believe that you saw Leon Schuster himself at Ster-Kinekor at the
North Cape Mall.
2.3
Identify (and name) all the pronouns in the following sentences.
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
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She went out to find them.
We asked him if he was feeling better.
“I think this is yours,” she said.
You should ask her if she wants to join us.
It isn’t yours, it’s mine!
They took me home with them.
3.
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words which qualify (i.e. describe or tell us more about) nouns or
pronouns. An adjective works together with a noun/pronoun and is usually placed
directly in front of the noun/pronoun which it qualifies.
a)
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES:
give a general description of the
noun/pronoun.
e.g. a tall story; Sylvester’s funny laugh; the naughty child; the child is
naughty; she was foolish
b)
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: point out where things are.
e.g. This house is mine; That dog of yours is very ugly.
Remember: Do not confuse these with demonstrative pronouns!
c)
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES: introduce questions and are followed by
nouns.
e.g. Which people did you invite?
Whose idea was this?
Remember: Do not confuse with interrogative pronouns!
d)
INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES: are not specific about details.
e.g. There are some people this world can do without.
Every person should know this.
e)
DEFINITE/NUMERAL ADJECTIVES:
e.g. one word; two sentences
f)
PROPER ADJECTIVES:
are formed from proper nouns.
e.g. South African society; Martian spaceships
g)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: indicate that something belongs to someone.
e.g. It is my book. Those are his pens.
show a certain number.
Remember: do not confuse these with possessive pronouns!
NOTE: COMPOUND ADJECTIVES - when two adjectives are joined together to
form one word, they are called compound adjectives. They can be written
with a hyphen (e.g. a well-deserved result) or without (e.g. a bittersweet
experience).
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ADJECTIVES : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
3.1
Degrees of Comparison : Complete the table below.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
(one item)
(two items)
(three or more items)
3.1.1 long
3.1.2 little
3.1.3 dry
3.1.4 good
3.1.5 unique
3.1.6 merry
3.1.7 careless
3.1.8 bad
3.1.9 sad
3.1.10 supreme
3.2
In the following sentences, identify the definite adjectives.
Note: In some sentences, there are no definite adjectives!
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3
Change the words in italics into adjectives.
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.4
a catastrophe flood
chaos traffic
a democracy decision
a hazard journey
a theory problem
Write down adjectives opposite in meaning to the adjectives in italics.
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
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I broke two fingers playing netball.
Their final score was fifteen.
Please buy me a dozen bread rolls.
You can take a maximum of seven.
a tough steak
a strict teacher
a sharp instrument
a false address
a compulsory test
3.5
Form antonyms by adding prefixes.
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
disciplined
perfect
legitimate
honest
regular
3.6
Using the provided clues, insert the correct adjectives into each of the
following sentences.
3.6.1 The disease was c__________. (spreadable by contact)
3.6.2 The enemy was i__________. (not able to be conquered).
3.6.3 Millions of people in the Third World are i__________. (unable to read
and write)
3.6.4 They believed that they were i__________. (incapable of making a
mistake)
3.6.5 The land was a__________. (fit for ploughing)
3.7
The following sentences contain possessive pronouns and adjectives,
demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, interrogative pronouns and adjectives,
definite pronouns and adjectives and indefinite pronouns and adjectives.
Do TWO things with each sentence:
 a) Identify these parts of speech and
 b) Make up a sentence of your own using the word you have just identified
as a different part of speech.
An example has been done for you.
3.7.1 He had a big round scab on his left knee.
a) possessive adjective (qualifying the noun ‘knee’)
b) The knee was his. (possessive pronoun)
3.7.2 Whose homework have you copied this time?
3.7.3 Don’t touch that!
3.7.4 The careless hitchhiker lost his backpack.
3.7.5 Several monkeys escaped from the zoo last night.
3.7.6 Who is that destitute man leaning on my doorway?
3.8
What is the difference in meaning between the following two sentences?
(HINT: the comma in the second one should help you!)
3.8.1 The assistant walked in and picked up the light blue box.
3.8.2 The assistant walked in and picked up the light, blue box.
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4.
VERBS
Verbs tell us what action someone/something is performing.
Verbs can be divided into the following categories:
VERBS
FINITE VERBS
AUXILIARY VERBS
NON-FINITE VERBS
PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVES
GERUNDS
present
past
A:
FINITE VERBS
A sentence must contain a finite verb. A finite verb can be likened to a heart:
without a heart, we cannot live; without a finite verb, a sentence cannot exist. In
other words, the finite verb is the heart of the sentence!
A finite verb must have a subject and it must provide a tense (present, past or
future).
e.g.
Al Capone struck fear into many hearts.
[finite verb = struck; subject = Al Capone; tense = past]
Sometimes finite verbs require ‘helpers’ to show a tense. These little ‘helpers’ are
known as auxiliary verbs.
e.g.
The teenagers were listening to house music.
[were listening = finite verb; the teenagers = subject; tense = past]
Finite verbs serve two functions:
1. They show the ACTION performed by the subject.
e.g. The angry mother gesticulated wildly.
[shows what the mother did]
2. They show the STATE OF BEING of the subject.
e.g. The mother is tired and angry.
[the finite verb ‘is’ links the subject to the adjectives describing it.]
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Here are some of the common linking verbs which convey the state of being of
the noun:
am
is
are
was
were
will be
shall be
have been
had been
“to be”
has been
is being
“to seem”
seems
seemed
seems
FINITE VERBS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
4.1
Underline the finite verbs in the following sentences.
4.1.1 Sally eats sweets.
4.1.2 Sally ate sweets.
4.1.3 Sally is eating sweets.
4.1.4 Sally was eating sweets.
4.1.5 Sally has been eating sweets.
4.1.6 Sally is fat.
4.1.7 Eating sweets makes you fat.
4.1.8 Sweets are unhealthy.
4.1.9 Are you eating sweets?
4.1.10 Did Sally eat all of those sweets?
4.2
Read the following sentences and then draw and complete the table below
in your books. The first sentence has been done for you.
NOTE: A noun predicate states what the subject is, using other words. An
adjective predicate describes the subject.
4.2.1 Desdemona was Othello’s wife.
4.2.2 William Shakespeare was a playwright.
4.2.3 The Montagues and the Capulets were the feuding families in
Romeo and Juliet.
4.2.4 Romeo was devastatingly attractive.
4.2.5 Juliet was smitten.
4.2.6 Othello was brave and strong.
4.2.7 Hamlet seemed depressed by his father’s death.
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SUBJECT
LINKING VERB NOUN PREDICATE ADJECTIVE PREDICATE
Desdemona was
Othello’s wife.
B:
AUXILIARY VERBS help to complete a verb.
e.g.
I shall go now.
John is running away.
Below is a chart of all the words that can be used as auxiliary verbs.
“to be”
am
was
is
were
are
will be
have been
had been
has been
is being
was being
“to have”
“to do”
has
have
had
do
does
did
AUXILIARIES
shall/should
will/would
can/could
may/might
must
ought
dare
need
Negation Test: insert ‘not’ to form a negative statement.
I shall [not] go now.
John is [not] running away.
Inversion Test: move word to front to form a question.
Shall I go now?
Is John running away?
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AUXILIARY VERBS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
4.3
Choose auxiliary verbs from the diagram on p. 13 to complete the following
sentences:
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
I _____ going to travel the world when I leave school.
My best friend _____ coming with me.
We _____ saving as much money as possible.
I __________ skiing in Austria before.
We _____ hitchhike if we’re brave enough!
I _____ applied for my passport already.
I _____ type so I might find a secretarial job in London.
We _____ also work on a wine farm in France.
C:
NON-FINITE VERBS cannot stand on their own. Unlike finite verbs, a non finite
verb requires neither a subject nor a tense in order to qualify for its job! It can never
be the heart of the sentence on its own. In other words, a sentence does NOT
require a non finite verb to exist.
There are three types of non finite verbs (known in some circles as ‘the Three Little
Pigs’!):
Participles
Infinitives
Gerunds
Participles
Present participle ends in “-ing”. e.g. running
To arrive at a present participle, put “I am …” in front of the verb.
Past participle often (but not always) ends in “-ed” and “-en”. e.g. poured, broken
Other endings are “-n”, “-t and the middle “u” as in ’swum’.
To arrive at a past participle put “I have …” before the verb.
Participles can either function as adjectives or form part of the finite verb.
e.g. He bought new running shoes. (adjective)
He was running with his dog. (part of finite verb)
The wind howled through the broken window. (adjective)
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The wind has broken the branches of that tree. (part of finite verb)
Infinitives
Always in the simple present tense. Usually with “to” in front of the verb.
e.g. to hoodwink, to congregate, to sneeze, to pray
Mr Maynier loves to sing.
She has to run home.
We saw them fight.
Gerunds
Always ends with “-ing”. It looks like verb but
functions as a noun. It names the action and
answers the question ‘WHAT?’
e.g. I like swimming.
Sniffing annoys me.
Because the gerund has a noun function, it is preceded by a possessive adjective
and not a personal pronoun. Nouns are qualified by adjectives and not pronouns.
e.g. I don’t like you sniffing in class. 
I don’t like your sniffing in class. 
VERBS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
4.4
The following exercise deals with ALL the work on verbs. For each sentence
below, pick out all the verbs and identify their form and function. The first sentence
has been done for you. Do not fill in a function for the infinitive.
Draw the following table in your book
VERB
VERB FORM
FUNCTION
4.4.1 Running
gerund
to name the action
4.4.1
comes
finite verb
action
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
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Running comes naturally to children.
He ran beside the swiftly flowing stream.
To paint well is a talent.
He left a trail of broken hearts behind him.
She always promised to remember.
4.4.6 Good writing takes years of practice.
4.4.7 His soccer coach ordered him to practise tackling.
4.4.8 The suffering man groaned as he looked at his twisted arm.
4.4.9 Bragging is an irritating habit.
4.4.10 Travelling is interesting.
4.4.11 “To be or not to be, that is the question.”
4.4.12 Gritting his teeth, Jon suppressed an angry retort.
4.4.13 Sharing is the secret of enjoyment.
4.4.14 The smug man was enjoying gloating.
4.4.15 Laughing is good for a grieving heart.
4.5
Complete the table by below by filling in the principal parts of the verb. Copy
the table into your book.
INFINITIVE PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
1ST person
singular
to break
break
broke
breaking
broken
to gallop
gallop
galloped
galloping
galloped
to drink
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.5.7
carrying
4.5.8
4.5.9
swim
4.5.10
4.5.11
4.5.12
4.5.13
4.5.14
ran
4.5.15
4.5.16
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5.
ADVERBS
Adverbs usually modify (i.e. provide more information about) verbs. They can also
modify other words, but not nouns or pronouns. Any word that ends in “-ly” is an
adverb.
There are five types of adverbs:
TIME:
They left for Egypt yesterday. [TEST: ask WHEN?]
PLACE:
Please stand there. [TEST: ask WHERE?]
MANNER:
She strolled casually on the beach. [TEST: ask HOW?]
DEGREE:
His father was very annoyed. [TEST: ask TO WHAT EXTENT?]
FREQUENCY: My dog always waits for me at the gate. [TEST: ask HOW OFTEN?]
ADVERBS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
5.1
Underline the adverb(s) in the following sentences and in each case state
what type of adverb each one is.
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
She bore the pain bravely.
The circus is held daily.
The rock scarcely moved.
I cannot find it anywhere.
He has always been an early riser.
The lightning flash was exceedingly bright.
Silently the door opened.
5.2
In the spaces provided fill in the adverb indicated in brackets. Your final
paragraph must make sense AND sound interesting. You may only fill in ONE word
per space.
__________ (5.2.1 adv. of time) I woke up __________ (5.2.2 adv. of time) and
lay in bed __________ (5.2.3 adv. of manner) thinking how __________ (5.2.4
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adv. of degree) boring life was. Before I knew it, __________ (5.2.5 adv. of
place) was my mother, standing before me, __________ (5.2.6 adv. of
manner) telling me to get up __________ (5.2.7 adv. of time). __________ (5.2.8
adv. of manner) and __________ (5.2.9 adv. of degree) __________ (5.2.10 adv.
of manner), I obeyed.
6.
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are always sandwiched between two or more nouns and/or pronouns.
They indicate the relationship between them.
e.g.
Birds fly in the air. The plates are on the table.
Ending with a preposition: It is not a very strict rule that sentences should not end
with a preposition. This one would be clumsy if it were changed:
That kind of behaviour is just not called for!
Whenever possible, however, it is preferable to avoid using a preposition at the end
of a sentence.
Rottweilers are the only dogs of which I am afraid is better than
Rottweilers are the only dogs that I am afraid of.
Remember: a preposition is followed by the objective case.
e.g. by whom; with whom; to whom; for whom and
between him and me)
(TIP: If you are not sure whether a word is a preposition, use the ‘monkey’ test!
Any word that fits into the blank space below is a preposition.
The monkey jumped _________ the box.
The exception to the rule? of
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PREPOSITIONS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
6.1
Provide the correct preposition for the sentences below.
6.1.1 Do you take part _____ sport?
6.1.2 Owen went to London _____ short notice.
6.1.3 The ambitious sportsman will stop _____ nothing to win a medal.
6.1.4 Bread is exempt _____ tax.
6.1.5 I object _____ loud music.
6.1.6 This is the only exception _____ the rule.
6.1.7 Divide the sweets _____ the two of you.
6.1.8 Divide the sweet ____ the ten of you.
6.1.9 The teenager rebels _____ his parents’ rules.
6.1.10 Tsholofelo is a credit _____ her school.
6.2
Rewrite these sentences so that they do not end with prepositions.
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
This is the fence that I tore my jersey on.
Shakeel is the boy I told you about.
There is the shop I bought the books from.
We introduced Neo to the man who she owes her life to.
Is this really the jacket that you paid so much money for?
6.3
Correct the errors in the sentences below - and give a reason for each
correction.
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
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With who do you wish to dance?
Which schools is the competition between?
Jacobie is very different to her sister.
We live by the football stadium.
Please come with Rea and I to the school concert.
7.
ARTICLES
Articles are used to qualify nouns.
a)
DEFINITE ARTICLES:
refer to specific nouns
e.g. the clown (a specific, certain clown)
b)
INDEFINITE ARTICLES:
refer to general nouns
e.g. a clown (any clown in general)
Note: If the noun begins with a vowel sound, the ‘a’ changes to an ‘an’.
e.g. an orange
ARTICLES : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
7.1
Supply the correct article in the spaces below.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
8.
I would like to eat _____ apples from Farmer Brown’s orchard.
Meet me in _____ hour from now.
Please pass me _____ heavy book. I’d like to wedge the door closed.
If you study at _____ university, you should get a job.
Did you see _____ goal that she scored? It was fantastic!
INTERJECTIONS
Exclamations show emotion / feeling.
e.g.
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of
21
Wow
Eek!
Oh!
Mmmm …
9.
CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are often called ‘joining words’ because they join words, phrases or
clauses.
There are two types of conjunctions.
CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS join sentences of equal importance.
There are only five conjunctions in this category.
A
B
O
Y
nd
ut
r/Nor
et
e.g. Scott went to the game AND Vuyo went to the movies.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS join sentences of unequal importance.
There are many conjunctions in this category.
e.g. because, although, if, while, when, nevertheless, since, as, unless …
e.g. I got into trouble BECAUSE I came home late.
Remember: relative pronouns can also join parts of sentences.
CONJUNCTIONS : PUTTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO THE TEST
9.1
Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences, stating whether they
are co-ordinating or subordinating conjunctions.
9.1.1 As he came into the room, the flower wilted.
9.1.2 The UFO which belonged to the alien’s mother-in-law had a dent in its
rear bumper.
9.1.3 I love you but I don’t like your shoes.
9.1.4 The teacher whom Kitso disliked was found dead in his classroom.
9.1.5 Shall we go to the games arcade or shall we go to the restaurant?
21
of
21