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I. CONTINENTAL DRIFT A. Wegener’s Hypothesis 1. ______________________________ - the continents formed a _________________, broke up, and _______________________________ to their present location 2. 1st proposed by German scientist _______________________________ in 1912 B. Wegener’s Evidence 1. ________________________________: Certain coast lines of continents seemed to fit like a _________________________________ a. _______________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________: Fossils of the _____________________ and animals were found in areas that had once _________________________. a. Mesosaurus fossils were found in _______________________________. Unlikely these animals swam across the __________________________ 3. ________________________________: Coastal mountain ranges that are widely _________________________ have similar ___________________________. a. ____________________________ mountains and mountains in northern _________ (similar age and structure) 4. ________________________________: A tropical ________________ found in ________________ suggests the continents had not always been located where they are now. 5. Wegener’s evidence __________________________ Theory of Continental Drift a. Could not explain _____________________________________________ II. Mid – Ocean Ridge + ______________________________________ A. A long ____________________________________ with steep _________________ _________________________ (rift = _________________) B. ____________________________________________________________ from ridge 1. _______________________ from __________________________ to fill rift, creating _______________________________________________ 2. Rocks/sediment _______________________________________________ and thinner than sediment farther away C. ___________________________ Reversals 1. ________________________________ in magma ____________ with Earth’s magnetic field they solidify, taking on a _________________________________ field 2. Earth’s magnetic field _______________________________________ _________________________ polarity to _________________________ polarity 3. ______________________________ of polarity (normal to reverse, back and forth) appear _________________________________ a mid-ocean _______________ a. The pattern on one side of a ridge is a ________________________ of the other side b. Reversal patterns __________________________________________ rock D. Wegener Redeemed! 1. _____________________________ was the missing mechanism that _____________ needed to prove his theory E. Effects of _________________________________ 1. Moving continents change ______________________________________ patterns changing the __________________________ 2. ____________________________________ are separated, new __________________ 3. Shorelines change through __________________________ Plate Tectonics Notes 4. _____________________________ form, break apart, _____________________ a. ___________________________ – supercontinent ___________________ III. PLATE TECTONICS A. _________________ that explains how _______________________________________ 1. _____________________________ and ________________________ led to this theory B. ________________________ – the _____________________________ of Earth composed of the ____________________________________________________ 1. Broken into puzzle like pieces called __________________ 2. ______________________________________ 3. Boundaries of plates do not always match ___________________________________ C. ________________________ – the solid, _____________________________________ below the lithosphere 1. ________________________ floats on ________________________ like wood floats on water D. Causes Of ___________________________ 1. _______________________________________________________ and ________________________ in mantle cause asthenosphere to flow slowly a. As mantle material moves, it ____________________________________ with it b. Continents + oceans carried on plates like ______________________________ 2. _____________________________________ a. _________________________ – movement of _________________________ due to ________________differences caused by ________________differences b. deep material ___________________, cools as it moves __________________, then ___________________________ to heat again 3. _____________________________________ a. New, warm, _______________________rises, pushing its way out of ________ b. Pushes older denser material down and ___________________________ 4. _____________________________________ a. Sinking plate creates _______________________________ on material following it b. Sinking plate _______________________________ than non sinking plate E. Classification Of ________________ _________________ Crust - More _________________ - Made of ______________________________ _________________ Crust - Less _________________ - Made of _______________________ F. Plate Boundaries 1. _______________________often caused by movement of plates along their _______________________ 2. _______________________also help locate boundaries although some form from plates moving over _________________________________________ 3. Types Of ___________________________________ a. Type determined by _________________________________________ b. _______________________ c. _______________________ Plate Tectonics Notes d. _______________________ 4. _______________________Boundary a. Plates _______________________from each other b. Magma rises from ______________________to fill ______________________ c. Cools to form new _______________________ Ex. _________________________________________ 5. _______________________Boundary a. Plates _______________________into each other b. Result depends on _______________________in each plate 1) _________________________________________collision 2) _________________________________________collision 3) _________________________________________collision c. _________________________________________ 1) Oceanic crust is denser so it ___________________under continental crust. 2) _______________________form 3) Hot crust rises to form _______________________ Ex. _________________________________________ d. _________________________________________ 1) They crumple and rise 2) Form large mountain range Ex: _________________________________________ e. _________________________________________ 1) __________________________________ to form a ___________________ 2) Sinking plate melts, magma rises, forms _____________________________ Ex: ___________________ 6. Transform Boundary a. 2 plates ____________________________________________ horizontally b. They don’t __________________________________ c. __________________________________ formed (different from other 2 types) Ex:_________________________________________ Plate Tectonics Notes