Download History of Ancient Egypt

Introduction to the History of Ancient Egypt
V77.0611 / V57.0506
Preliminary Syllabus for Fall 2007
Prof. Goelet
Kevorkian 305 -- No set office hours, drop by any time, mornings preferable; appointments readily
given, but please phone (998-8894) or, best of all, e-mail ([email protected]) ahead.
Course Description:
This course covers the history of Ancient Egypt from the period of its first political
organization (c. 3200 BCE) until the country’s first years as a Roman colony (c. 50 BCE and
shortly after). In addition, Ancient Egypt’s interconnections with Nubia and with the lands of the
contemporary eastern Mediterranean and Middle East will be examined from the points of view of
trade, cultural exchange, and early imperialism. Students will be introduced to important
historiographical and methodological problems facing ancient historians. The course will discuss
the interpretation of archaeological evidence as well as the problems associated with the wide
variety of textual sources—literature, economic records, royal inscriptions, tomb biographies of
private persons, reliefs, paintings, and sculptures—on which ancient Egyptian history is based.
Course Requirements:
The course will consist primarily of two lectures a week, but part of each class will be
devoted to some in-class discussion of a historical problem germane to the lecture. During the
course, three groups of papers will be assigned which are described shortly below. There will be
no mid-term or final exams.
Participation in class and attendance:
A few minutes of every class will be devoted to a short discussion of a historical or
methodological problem connected with the lecture topic. There will be a required visit—guided
by the professor—to the Egyptian collection of a local museum. The details will be announced in
class.
Failure to attend classes or participate in discussions will considerably hinder your ability
to write your papers according to your instructor’s expectations. The assigned papers will account
for 90% of your grade—the remaining 10% will be based on a combination of attendance and class
participation.
Texts and Readings:
There will be three sets of papers due in the course. For the first two batches of papers,
you will be required to write two short research studies (4-5 pages); for the final batch of papers, 5
to 6 pages. These studies must be (minimally) footnoted, showing from where you have derived
certain key facts. There should be a (short) bibliography at the end of the paper indicating only
those works which have been cited in the footnotes. In order to ease the problem of writing on
subjects which are quite unfamiliar to you, I have already made Xerox copies of a sizeable number
of studies from sources I have found reliable over the years. Students wishing to use sources other
than these on their papers should consult me first for permission. These texts will provide you
1
additional material for your short research papers; these articles and book chapters will be
available at the Advanced Copy Center and the Kevorkian Center Library (a.k.a. the Richard
Ettinghausen Library) at the corner of Sullivan Street and Washington Square South, entrance of
Sullivan Street.
Logistics and administration:
1. The professor: Prof. Ogden Goelet
Office Kevorkian 305: 50 Washington Square South, corner of Washington Square South
and Sullivan Street, entrance on Sullivan; third floor, end of the hall. Mailbox in Middle
Eastern Studies Dept. office, second floor.
E-mail: [email protected] (the most reliable way of contacting me)—Tel: 998-8894. If I am
not in, please leave a message on the answering machine. Please leave your number s-l-ow-l-y.
No set office hours. Drop in after class, but it will always better to make an appointment
first to be on the safe side; appointments readily made.
NO E-MAILED PAPERS!
2.
Class Web-site: http://homepages.nyu.edu/~og1/
This course will make heavy use of electronic resources. I expect you to check the site
before every class to keep abreast of assignments and various other course announcements. For
instance, before every lecture notes for that class will be posted, providing students with a
convenient means for following the lecture and learning difficult terms. From time to time
messages will be sent out to the entire class by e-mail, so it is essential that you read your e-mail
on a regular basis. The daily topics on aspects of Egyptian history to be treated in class will be emailed to the class every evening before class. These subjects should not require much time for a
student to jot down a few appropriate discussion points ahead of time.
3.
Grading
I personally grade all the papers in this course, but the results are by no means carved in
stone; I am even open to suggestions about papers I have marked. On the other hand, I am
normally not inclined to change grades, nor do I like the idea of a “redo” for a better mark, except
in rare cases. I nonetheless am willing to encourage students through difficulties and show them
how to improve their work. The assignments are not “do or die”— I offer (and encourage)
students to submit drafts of their papers to me so that I might be able to offer suggestions before
final submission. I encourage students to make an appointment to see me in order to consult on
papers and any other aspect of the class (very easily done, even if I have no fixed office hours!)
I am here to advise and assist you in writing your papers—please do not hesitate to take
advantage of this offer. Attendance (and timeliness) counts in both class and in the delivery of
papers. In my years of experience, I have found that students often disastrously underestimate
how much time and effort apparently simple tasks require in order to produce good results. If you
think that these are difficult requirements, wait until you have a boss!
Late work. May seem nice to you, but it is a real nuisance to any instructor. Accordingly,
there shall be deductions for lateness.
The first two groups of papers (25% of the final grade for each batch): the grade will be
lowered a grade fraction for late papers turned in within one week of the assignment (e.g. A to A-,
2
A- to B+, etc.). Short papers arriving more than one week will have the grade lowered a full letter
grade (A to B, B+ to C+, etc.)
Final papers (40% of the final grade): These must be completed on the due date. Papers
received in the week following the due date and on the day on which I am obligated to turn in
grades for the course will be lowered by one full letter grade. Special arrangements can be made,
but only with the instructor’s approval. 10% of grade based on attendance and class participation.
A final word on grades, extensions, etc.: Crises happen! (to euphemize the common
expression). Tell me your problem as soon as possible and adjustments can be made. Exceptions
can be made for good reasons, but I must hear the situation/explanation from you before the due
date. I’m reasonable and can negotiate deals so that work can be turned in satisfactorily. But
don’t come “out of the woodwork” at the last moment.
Required Books:
Most of the readings will be from the assigned textbook Ian Shaw, ed., The Oxford History
of Ancient Egypt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), henceforth abbreviated Shaw, HAE.
This work is a collection of essays on several periods and aspects of Egyptian history, each written
by a specialist in that area. Accordingly, the separate articles will be referenced according to their
authors as well, thus: K.A. Bard, “The Emergence of the Egyptian State (c.3200-2686 BC),”
Chapt. 4 in Shaw, HAE 61-88. In addition, I have also assigned Bill Manley, The Penguin
Historical Atlas of Ancient Egypt (Harmondsworth and New York: Penguin Books, 1996),
henceforth, Manley, PHA. The maps and the accompanying brief discussion can provide students
with a valuable overview/outline of many aspects of Egyptian history. Furthermore, geographical
considerations constantly exerted an influence on Egyptian political and cultural history.
In a number of cases this course will require that students read essays and studies which do
not appear in either of the latter two works. The required readings in this category have been
collected into a course packet book which is available at the Advanced Copy Center on LaGuardia
Place, between Third Street and Bleeker Street.
Week 1
The course -- its aims, scope and administrative details
The background of Egyptian history
The geography and ecology of Egypt.
The Egyptian people -- ethnicity and language
The tools and sources of Egyptian history
Archaeology, history, art history
Chronological framework for Egypt’s history
Required Reading:
Gardiner, A.H., “The Land, its Neighbors, and Resources,” Chapt. 3 in Egypt of the Pharaohs
(Oxford 1961) 27-45.
Loprieno, A., “Ancient Egyptian and Other Afroasiatic Languages,” in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE IV
(New York 1995) 2135-2150.
Manley, “The Egyptian Environment,” PHA 18-19.
Shaw, I., “Introduction: Chronologies and Cultural Change in Egypt,” Chapt. 1 in Shaw, HAE 116.
3
Week 2
Prehistory and Dynasty ‘0’
Early sources of Egyptian civilization
The Archaic Period
“History from the monuments” as a method
The formation of the ideology of kingship
Required Reading:
Manley, “Prehistoric Egypt” and “The Emergence of Egypt,” PHA 20-23.
Midant-Reynes, B., “The Naqada Period (c.4000-3200 BC),” Chapt. 3 in Shaw, HAE 44-60.
Bard, K.A., “The Emergence of the Egyptian State (c.3200-2686 BC),” Chapt. 4 in Shaw, HAE 6188.
Week 3
Kingship and bureaucracy
The political and religious considerations of kingship
The Old Kingdom
The age of the pyramids
Dynasty IV
Provincial power and central government in Egyptian history
Required Reading:
Málek, J., “The Old Kingdom (c.2686-2125 BC),” Chapt. 5 in Shaw, HAE 89-117.
Manley, “The Old Kingdom Administration” and “The Great Pyramid Age,” PHA 25-25 and 2829.
Lichtheim, M., “Monumental Inscriptions from Private Tombs,” “A Royal Decree,” and “From the
Pyramid Texts,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 15-50.
Week 4
The Old Kingdom and its eventual decline
Dynasty V and the power of Re
Dynasty VI decay, decline, and the rise of provincial power
The First Intermediate Period
Localism, feudalism and weak kingship
Dynasty 11 and the reunification of Egypt
Literature and history
Menthuhotep II
Required Reading:
Callender, G., “The Middle Kingdom Renaissance (c.2055-1650 BC),” Chapt. 7 in Shaw, HAE
148-157, only.
Manley, “Old Kingdom Egypt and Nubia,” “The First Intermediate Period,” and “The Wars of
Reunification,” PHA 26-27; 30-31; and 42-43.
Seidelmayer, S., “The First Intermediate Period (c.2160-2055 BC),” Chapt. 6 in Shaw, HAE 118147.
4
Week 5
The Middle Kingdom
Localism, Feudalism and strong kingship
Egypt and the outside world in the Middle Bronze Age
Syria-Palestine
Nubia
The rise of the professional bureaucracy under Sesostris III
Required Reading:
Callender, G., “The Middle Kingdom Renaissance (c.2055-1650 BC),” Chapt. 7 in Shaw, HAE
148-183.
Manley, “The Administrative State”; “The Faiyum and the Delta”; and “Middle Kingdom Egypt
and Nubia”; PHA 44-47; 50-51.
Redford, D., “Lo, the Vile Asiatic,” Chapt. 3 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times
(Princeton 1992) 56-70.
Lichtheim, M., “Prose Tales,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 211- 235.
Week 6
The Egyptian economy before the New Kingdom
Agriculture, the royal house, local government and temple economy
The breakup of the Middle Kingdom
Literary questions about the nature of government.
The problematic Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos
Archaeological method and history
Required Reading:
Bourriau, J., “The Second Intermediate Period (c.1650-1550 BC),” Chapt. 8 in Shaw, HAE 185217.
Manley, “Middle Kingdom Egypt and Near East” and “The Second Intermediate Period,” PHA 4849; 52-53.
Redford, D., “ ‘Trampling the Foreign Lands’: Egypt and Asia during the Middle Kingdom,”
Chapt. 4 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 71-97.
Week 7
The Second Intermediate Period and textual evidence
The reemergence of Theban power under Dynasty 17/18
The Eighteenth Dynasty and the reorganization of the Egyptian state
Required Reading:
Bryan, B.M., “The Eighteenth Dynasty before the Amarna Period (c.1550-1352 BC),” Chapt. 9 in
Shaw, HAE 218-271.
Manley, “Thebes, Kush and the Hyksos Kings”; “The Wars of Ahmose”; and “Punt and the God’s
Land,” PHA 54-55; 66-67; and 74-75.
Week 8
The Eighteenth Dynasty as a military and imperialistic power
Militarism and political propaganda in Egypt
5
Modes of Egyptian imperialism
Egypt’s interconnections with the outside world
The International Age
The Amarna Period and the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty
The puzzling reign of Akhenaten
Required Reading:
Frandsen, P.J., “Egyptian Imperialism,” in Power and Propaganda. Mesopotamia 7 (Copenhagen
1979) 167-190.
Manley, “Wawat and Kush”; “Egypt, Syria and Palestine I”; “Egypt, Syria and Palestine II”; “The
Amarna Letters,” PHA 68-73; 80-81.
Van Dijk, J., “The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c.1352-1069 BC),” in Chapt. 10
in Shaw, HAE 272-294 only.
Week 9
The Nineteenth Dynasty and the Ramesside Period
Kingship and economy during the New Kingdom
International influences on Egyptian culture
Required Reading:
Manley, “Power and the Royal Palace I”; “Power and the Royal Palace II”; “The Road to Kadesh,”
PHA 76-79; 92-93.
Murnane, W.J., “Imperial Egypt and the Limits of Power,” in R. Cohen and R. Westbrook, eds.,
Amarna Diplomacy. The Beginnings of International Relations (Baltimore and London
2000) 101-111.
Shaw, I., “Egypt and the Outside World,” Chapt. 11 in Shaw, HAE 314-329.
Van Dijk, J., “The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c.1352-1069 BC),” in Chapt. 10
in Shaw, HAE 294-304 only.
Week 10
The Late Nineteenth Dynasty
The Twentieth Dynasty
Corruption and decay
Strikes, assassination plots and tomb robberies
Required Reading:
Manley, “Urbanization” Libyan Invasions and Sea Peoples” “The Decline of Royal Authority,”
PHA 94-99.
Redford, D., “The Coming of the Sea Peoples,” Chapt. 9 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient
Times (Princeton 1992) 241-256.
Van Dijk, J., “The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c.1352-1069 BC),” in Chapt. 10
in Shaw, HAE 304-313 only.
Week 11
The “Church - State” question in Egypt
The theocratic rule of Dynasty Twenty One
The Third Intermediate Period
6
Required Reading:
Lichtheim, M., “The Report of Wenamun,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 224230.
Manley, “Tanis, Thebes and Libya” and “The Palestinian Campaign of Shoshenq I,” PHA 100103.
Taylor, J., “The Third Intermediate Period (1069-664 BC),” in Chapt. 12 in Shaw, HAE 330-368.
Week 12
The fragmented rule of the ‘Libyan Period’
Egypt’s underlying fissures
Egypt and Israel -- The Bible and Egypt
Egypt under foreign domination – Nubia and the Libyans (I)
Required Reading:
Manley, “Division of the Kingdom”; “Kings from Kush”; and “The Sack of Thebes,” PHA 104107; 118-119.
Redford, D., “ ‘These are the Bene-Israel . . .’: The Advent of Israel,” Chapt. 10 in Egypt, Canaan,
and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 257-280.
Redford, D., “Horses and Pharaoh’s Daughter: Egypt and the United Monarchy,” Chapt. 11 in
Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 283-311.
Week 13
The Late Period
Renaissance and revival as themes in Egyptian history
Egypt under foreign rule (II)
Persians and Assyrians
Egypt in the works of the Greek historians
Ptolemaic rule in Egypt
Required Reading:
Manley, “The Saite Monarchy”; “Saite Egypt and the Near East”; “The Nubiasn Legacy of the
25th Dynasty”; “Persia and Egyptian Independence,” PHA 120-127.
Lloyd, A.B., “The Late Period (664-332),” Chapt. 13 in Shaw, HAE 269-394.
Lichtheim, M., “Biographical Inscriptions,” Ancient Egyptian Literature III (Berkeley 1980) 1365.
Week 14
Ptolemaic rule in Egypt
Egyptians and Greeks
Alexandria ad Aegyptum
The increasing influence of the native Egyptian culture
Egypt and the Hellenistic world
Cleopatra and the attempt at a synthesis
Required Reading:
Manley, “After Alexander,” PHA 128-129.
Lloyd, A.B. “The Ptolemaic Period,” Chapt. 14 in Shaw, HAE 395-422.
7
Ritner, R., “Implicit Models of Cross-Cultural Interaction: A Question of Noses, Soap, and
Prejudice,” in J. Johnson, ed., Life in a Multi-Cultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to
Constantine and Beyond. SAOC 51 (Chicago 1992) 283-290.
Week 15
Egypt and the Romans
The meaning and lessons of Egypt’s history
Egypt as a historical influence
Egypt as a cultural influence
Required Reading:
Peacock, D., “The Roman Period (30 BC – AD 311),” Chapt. 15 in Shaw, HAE 422-445.
8
Introduction to the History of Ancient Egypt
V77.0611 / V57.0506 MW 11:00 am-12:15 pm
Tisch UC 53
Required Readings, Suggested Readings, and Research Materials
(Last revision: January 20, 2005)
General Histories of Ancient Egypt and the Ancient Near East
Bard, K.A., Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (London and New York:
Routledge, 1999).
The Cambridge Ancient History
Gardiner, A. H., Egypt of the Pharaohs (Oxford: Oxford, 1961).
Grimal, N., A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (London: Blackwell, 1992).
Hornung, E., History of Ancient Egypt. An Introduction, D. Lorton, trans. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell
University Press, 1999).
Kuhrt, A., The Ancient Near East c. 3000-330 BC, two vols. (London and New York: Routledge
1995).
Manley, B., The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Egypt (London: Penguin Books, 1996).
Quirke, S., Who were the Pharaohs. A history of their names with a list of cartouches (New York:
Dover, 1990).
Sasson, J.M., ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, four vols. (New York: Scribner’s, 1995),
henceforth abbreviated CANE.
Shaw, I., ed., ., The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
Trigger, B.G., B.J. Kemp, D. O’Connor, and A.B. Lloyd, Ancient Egypt: A Social History
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
Specialized Studies of Ancient Egyptian History
Bowman, A.K., Egypt after the Pharaohs 332BC–AD642 (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1986).
Butzer, K.W., Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt. A Study in Cultural Ecology (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1976).
Hölbl, G., A History of the Ptolemaic Empire, trans. T. Saavedra (London and New York:
Routledge, 2001).
Hoffman, M.A., Egypt before the Pharaohs: The Prehistoric Foundations of Egyptian Civilization
(New York: Knopf, 1979).
Kitchen, K.A., Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II (Mississauga: Benben
Publications, 1982).
Morkot, R.G., The Black Pharaohs. Egypt’s Nubian Rulers (London: Rubicon Press, 2000).
Mysliwiec, K., The Twilight of Ancient Egypt. First Millennium B.C.E., trans. D. Lorton (Ithaca
and London: Cornell University Press, 2000).
O’Connor, D., and D. Silverman, eds., Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Probleme der Ägyptologie 9
(Leiden: Brill, 1995).
Redford, D., ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, three vols. (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2001).
9
Redford, D., Pharaonic King-Lists, Annals and Day Books: A Contribution to the Study of the
Egyptian Sense of History. SSEA Publication 4 (Mississauga: Benben Publications, 1986).
Redford, D., Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
19).
Spencer, A.J., Early Egypt: The Rise of Civilisation in the Nile Valley (London: British Museum
Press, 1993).
Wilkinson, T.A.H., Early Dynastic Egypt (London and New York: Routledge, 1999).
Egyptian Art, Culture, and Society
Baines, J., and J. Málek, Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York: Facts on File, 1980).
Harris, J.R., ed., The Legacy of Egypt, 2nd. ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971).
Kemp, B., Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization (London: Routledge, 1989).
Murnane, W.J., The Penguin Guide to Ancient Egypt (Harmondworth: Penguin, 1983).
Lichtheim, M., Ancient Egyptian Literature, three vols. (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1973-1980).
Quirke, S., and J.A. Spencer, eds., The British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt (London and New
York: Thames and Hudson, 1992).
Robins, G., The Art of Ancient Egypt (London: The British Museum, 1997).
Strouhal, E., The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK: University of
Oklahoma Press, 1992).
Wilson, J.A., The Culture of Ancient Egypt (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951).
Smith, W.S., rev. by W.K. Simpson, The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt (Harmondsworth:
Penguin 1981).
Trigger, B.G., Early Civilizations. Ancient Egypt in Context (Cairo: The American University in
Cairo Press, 1993).
Week 1
Required Reading:
Gardiner, A.H., “The Land, its Neighbors, and Resources,” Chapt. 3 in Egypt of the Pharaohs
(Oxford 1961) 27-45.
Loprieno, A., “Ancient Egyptian and Other Afroasiatic Languages,” in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE IV
(New York 1995) 2135-2150.
Manley, “The Egyptian Environment,” PHA 18-19.
Shaw, I., “Introduction: Chronologies and Cultural Change in Egypt,” Chapt. 1 in Shaw, HAE 116.
Suggested Readings:
Adams, W.Y., “The Invention of Nubia,” in C. Berger, et al., eds., Hommages à Jean Lecant. BdÉ
106, 2 (Cairo 1994) 17-22.
Baines, J., “Ancient Egyptian concepts and uses of the past 3rd to 2nd millenium BC evidence,” in
R. Layton, ed., Who Needs the Past? Indigenous Values and Archaeology (London 1989)
131-149.
Baines, J., and C.J. Eyre, “Four notes on literacy,” GM 61 (1983) 65-96.
Bietak, M., “The Present State of Egyptian Archaeology,” JEA 65 (1979) 156-160.
10
Bietak, M., “Urban Archaeology and the ‘Town Problem’,” in K. Weeks, ed., Egyptology and the
Social Sciences (Cairo 1979) 97-144.
Haarmann, U., “Medieval Muslim Perceptions of Pharaonic Egyptian Egypt,” in A. Loprieno, ed.,
Ancient Egyptian Literature. History and Forms. Probleme der Ägyptologie 10 (Leiden
1996) 605-627.
Hayes, W.C., “Chronology: I. Egypt - To the End of the Twentieth Dynasty,” Chapt. 6 in CAH3 I,
1 (Cambridge 1970) 173-193.
James, T.G.H., “The Bucolic Mode,” Chapt. 4 in Pharaoh’s People: Scenes from Life in Imperial
Egypt (London 1984) 100-131.
James, T.G.H., “The Written Record and its Validity,” in Pharaoh’s People. Scenes from Life in
Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 25-50.
Lamdin, T.O., “Egypt: Its Language and Literature,” in E.G. White, ed., The Bible and the Ancient
Near East: Essays in Honor of William Foxwell Albright (New York 1961) 369-395.
Leahy, A., ”Ethnic Diversity in Ancient Egypt,” in CANE I 225-234.
Perdu, O., “Ancient Egyptian Biographies,” in CANE IV 2243-2254.
Redford, D., “The Historiography of Ancient Egypt,” in K. Weeks, ed., Egyptology and the Social
Sciences (Cairo 1979) 3-20.
Roth, A.M., “Building Bridges to Afrocentrism: A Letter to my Egyptological Colleagues,”
unpubl.
Van de Mieroop, M., “On writing a History of the Ancient Near East,” BiOr 54 (1997) 285-305.
Wood, M., “The Use of the Pharaonic Past in Modern Egyptian Nationalism,” JARCE 35 (1998)
179-196.
Week 2
Required Reading:
Manley, “Prehistoric Egypt” and “The Emergence of Egypt,” PHA 20-23.
Midant-Reynes, B., “The Naqada Period (c.4000-3200 BC),” Chapt. 3 in Shaw, HAE 44-60.
Bard, K.A., “The Emergence of the Egyptian State (c.3200-2686 BC),” Chapt. 4 in Shaw, HAE 6188.
Suggested Readings:
Baines, J., “Origins of Egyptian Kingship,” Chapt. 3 in D. O’Connor and D.P. Silverman, eds.,
Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Probleme der Ägyptologie 9 (Leiden 1995) 95-156.
Cruz-Uribe, E., “A Model for the Political Structure of Ancient Egypt,” in D.P. Silverman, ed.,
For His Ka. Essays Offered in Memory of Klaus Baer. SAOC 55 (Chicago 1994) 45-53.
Redford, D., “Upper and Lower Egypt and the Walled Towns of Asia,” Chapt. 2 in Egypt, Canaan,
and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 29-55.
Redford, D., “Villages, Camps, and the Rise of a Colossus,” Chapt. 1 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel
in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 3-28.
Smith, H.S., “The Making of Egypt . . . ,” in R. Friedman and B. Adams, eds., The Followers of
Horus (Hoffman Gs.) (Oxford 1992) 235-246.
Spencer, A.J., Early Egypt. The Rise of Egyptian Civilisation in the Nile Valley (London 1993).
Trigger, B., “Ancient Egypt in Cross-cultural Perspective,” in J. Lustig, ed., Anthropology and
Egyptology. A Developing Dialogue (Sheffield 1997) 137-143.
11
Trigger, B.J., “The Rise of Egyptian Civilization,” Chapt. 1 in Ancient Egypt: A Social History
(Cambridge 1983) 1-70.
von der Way, T., “Indications of Architecture with Niches at Buto,” in R. Friedman and B. Adams,
eds., The Followers of Horus (Hoffman Gs.) (Oxford 1992) 217-226.
Wilkinson, T.A.H., Early Dynastic Egypt (New York and London: Routledge, 1999).
Week 3
Required Reading:
Málek, J., “The Old Kingdom (c.2686-2125 BC),” Chapt. 5 in Shaw, HAE 89-117.
Manley, “The Old Kingdom Administration” and “The Great Pyramid Age,” PHA 25-25 and 2829.
Lichtheim, M., “Monumental Inscriptions from Private Tombs,” “A Royal Decree,” and “From the
Pyramid Texts,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 15-50.
Suggested Readings:
David, R., “King of the Gods,” Chapt. 7 in Cult of the Sun (London 1980) 139-157.
Gardiner, A.H., “The Old Kingdom,” Chapt. 5 in Egypt of the Pharaohs (Oxford 1961) 72-106.
Grimal, N., “The Old Kingdom,” Chapt. 4 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans.
(Cambridge, MA 1992) 63-101.
Hornung, E., “The Concept of Maat,” Chapt. 7 in Idea into Image: Essays on Ancient Egyptian
Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 130-145.
Kemp, B., “The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period,” excerpts from
Chapt. 2 in B.G. Trigger, et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History (Cambridge 1983) 71-85.
Kemp, B.J., “The bureaucratic mind,” Chapt. 3 in Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization
(London and New York 1989) 111-136.
Lehner, M., “The Development of the Giza Necropolis: The Khufu Project,” MDAIK 41 (1985)
109-143.
Lichtheim, M., “From the Pyramid Texts,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 2950.
Lichtheim, M., “Monumental Inscriptions from Private Tombs,” Ancient Egyptian Literature I
(Berkeley 1972) 15-27; 83-93.
Lichtheim, M., “Three Tales of Wonder,” Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 215-222.
Redford, D., “Upper and Lower Egypt and the Walled Towns of Asia,” Chapt. 2 in Egypt, Canaan,
and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 29-55.
Schulman, A.R., “Pharaoh Triumphant: The Royal Myth of Ancient Egypt,” Chapt. 8 in M. Silver,
ed., Ancient Economy in Mythology: East and West (Savage, Md. 1991) 163-184.
Ventura, R., “Snofru in Sinai and Amenophis I at Deir el-Medina,” in S. Israelit-Groll, ed.,
Pharaonic Egypt: The Bible and Christianity (Jerusalem 1985) 278-288.
Week 4
Required Reading:
Callender, G., “The Middle Kingdom Renaissance (c.2055-1650 BC),” Chapt. 7 in Shaw, HAE
148-157, only.
Manley, “Old Kingdom Egypt and Nubia,” “The First Intermediate Period,” and “The Wars of
Reunification,” PHA 26-27; 30-31; and 42-43.
12
Seidelmayer, S., “The First Intermediate Period (c.2160-2055 BC),” Chapt. 6 in Shaw, HAE 118147.
Suggested Readings:
Fischer, H., “The Nubian Mercenaries of Gebelein during the First Intermediate Period,” Kush 9
(1961) 44-81.
Fischer, H., Egyptian Women of the Old Kingdom and of the Heracleopolitan Period (New York
1989) 1-25.
Foster, J., “Wordplay in The Eloquent Peasant: The Eighth Complaint,” BES 10 (1989/90) 61-76.
Gardiner, A.H., “The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom,” Chapt. 6 in Egypt of the Pharaohs
(Oxford 1961) 105-146.
Habachi, L. “King Nebhepetre Menthuhotp: His Monuments, Place in History, Deification and
Unusual Representations in the Form of Gods,” MDAIK 19 (1963) 16-52.
Hayes, W.C., “The Middle Kingdom in Egypt: Internal History from the Rise of the
Herakleopolitans to the Death of Ammenemes III,” Chapt. 20 in CAH3 I,2 (Cambridge
1971) 464-495.
Lichtheim, M., “Didactic Literature,” Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 134-184.
Lichtheim, M., “The Instruction addressed to King Merikare,” Ancient Egyptian Literature I
(Berkeley 1975) 97-109.
Spanel, D., “The Date of Ankhtifi of Mo’alla,” GM 78 (1984) 87-94.
Week 5
Required Reading:
Callender, G., “The Middle Kingdom Renaissance (c.2055-1650 BC),” Chapt. 7 in Shaw, HAE
148-183.
Manley, “The Administrative State”; “The Faiyum and the Delta”; and “Middle Kingdom Egypt
and Nubia”; PHA 44-47; 50-51.
Redford, D., “Lo, the Vile Asiatic,” Chapt. 3 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times
(Princeton 1992) 56-70.
Lichtheim, M., “Prose Tales,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 211- 235.
Suggested Readings:
Beit-Arieh, I., “Canaanites and Egyptians at Serabit el Khadim,” Chapt. 4 in A.F. Rainey, ed.,
Egypt, Israel, Sinai: Archaeological and Historical Relations in the Biblical Period (Tel
Aviv 1988) 57-67.
Björkman, G., “Egyptology and Historical Method,” Orientalia Suecana 13 (1964) 9-33.
Cruz-Uribe, E., “The Fall of the Middle Kingdom,” VA 3 (1987) 107-111.
Franke, D., “The career of Khnumhotep III of Beni Hasan and the so-called ‘decline of the
nomarchs’,” in S. Quirke, ed., Middle Kingdom Studies (London 1991) 51-68.
Grimal, N., “The Middle Kingdom,” Chapt. 7 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans.
(Cambridge, MA 1992) 155-181.
Hayes, W.C., “The Middle Kingdom in Egypt: Internal History from the Rise of the
Herakleopolitans to the Death of Ammenemes III,” Chapt. 20 in CAH3 I,2 (Cambridge
1971) 495-531.
Lichtheim, M., “Didactic Literature,” in A. Loprieno, ed., Ancient Egyptian Literature. History
and Forms. Probleme der Ägyptologie 10 (Leiden 1996) 243-262.
13
Lichtheim, M., “Didactic Literature,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 134-192.
Lichtheim, M., “Monumental Inscriptions,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 113130.
Lichtheim, M., “Prose Tales,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 211- 235.
Lichtheim, M., “The Testament of a Herakleopolitan King,” Ancient Egyptian Literature I
(Berkeley 1973) 97-109.
Lorton, D., “The So-called ‘Vile’ Enemies of the King of Egypt (in the Middle Kingdom and Dyn.
XVIII),” JARCE 10 (1973) 65-70.
O’Connor, D., “The ‘Cenotaphs” of the Middle Kingdom at Abydos,” in P. Posener-Kriéger, ed.,
Mélanges Gamal Eddin Mokhtar II (Cairo 1985) 161-177.
Posener, G., “A New Royal Inscription of the XIIth Dynasty,” JSSEA 12 (1982) 7-8.
Rainey, A.F., “The World of Sinuhe,” Israel Oriental Studies 2 (1972) 369-408.
Schulman, A.R., “The Battle Scenes of the Middle Kingdom,” JSSEA 12 (1982) 165-183.
Week 6
Required Reading:
Bourriau, J., “The Second Intermediate Period (c.1650-1550 BC),” Chapt. 8 in Shaw, HAE 185217.
Manley, “Middle Kingdom Egypt and Near East” and “The Second Intermediate Period,” PHA 4849; 52-53.
Redford, D., “ ‘Trampling the Foreign Lands’: Egypt and Asia during the Middle Kingdom,”
Chapt. 4 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 71-97.
Suggested Readings:
Adams, W.Y., “Reflections on the Archaeology of Kerma,” in E. Endesfelder, ed., Ägypten und
Kush. Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients 13 (1977) 41-51.
Grimal, N., “The Invasion,” Chapt. 8 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge,
MA 1992) 182-195.
Hoffmeier, J.K., “Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in
Palestine,” Levant 21 (1989) 181-193.
Kitchen, K.A., “Byblos, Egypt and Mari in the Early Second Millenium B.C.,” Or. 36 (1967) 3954.
O’Connor, D., “Egypt and Greece. The Bronze Age Evidence,” in M.R. Lefkowitz and G.M.
Rogers, eds., Black Athena Revisited (Chapel Hill and London 1996) 49-61.
Quirke, S., “Royal Power in the 13th Dynasty,” in S. Quirke, ed., Middle Kingdom Studies
(London 1991) 51-68.
Redford, D., “The Hyksos Invasion in History and Tradition,” Or. 39 (1970) 1-51.
Weinstein, J.M., “Egyptian Relations with Palestine in the Middle Kingdom,” BASOR 217 (1975)
1-16.
Wente, E., “The Quarrel of Apophis and Seknenre,” in W.K. Simpson, ed., The Literature of
Ancient Egypt (New Haven 1973) 77-80.
Yurco, F.J., “Black Athena. An Egyptological Review,” in M.R. Lefkowitz and G.M. Rogers, eds.,
Black Athena Revisited (Chapel Hill and London 1996) 62-100.
Week 7
14
Required Reading:
Bryan, B.M., “The Eighteenth Dynasty before the Amarna Period (c.1550-1352 BC),” Chapt. 9 in
Shaw, HAE 218-271.
Manley, “Thebes, Kush and the Hyksos Kings”; “The Wars of Ahmose”; and “Punt and the God’s
Land,” PHA 54-55; 66-67; and 74-75.
Suggested Readings:
Dodson, A., “On the Internal Chronology of the Seventeenth Dynasty,” GM 120 (1991) 33-38.
Grimal, N., “The Tuthmosids,” Chapt. 8 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge,
MA 1992) 199-225.
Hayes, W.C., “Egypt: Internal Affairs from Tuthmosis I to the Death of Amenophis III,” Chapt. 8
in CAH3 II, 1 (Cambridge 1973) 313-416.
James, T.G.H., “Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I,” Chapt. 8 in CAH3 II,
1 (Cambridge 1973) 289-312.
James, T.G.H., “The Vizier and his Role,” Chapt. 2 in Pharaoh’s People: Scenes from Life in
Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 51-72.
Lichtheim, M., “Two Hymns to the Sun God,” and “Hymns and Prayers from el Amarna,” in
Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 86-100.
Manniche, L., “The Complexion of Queen Ahmosi Nefertere,” Acta Or. 40 (1979) 11-19.
Nims, C.F., “The date of the dishonoring of Hatshepsut,” ZÄS 93 (1966) 97-100.
Redford, D.B., “The Concept of Kingship during the Eighteenth Dynasty,” Chapt. 4 in D.
O’Connor and D.P. Silverman, eds., Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Probleme der Ägyptologie
9 (Leiden 1995) 157-184.
Robbins, G., “A critical examination of the theory that the right to the throne of ancient Egypt
passed through the female line in the 18th dynasty,” GM 62 (1983) 67-77.
Schulman, A.R., “Some Remarks on the Alleged ‘Fall’ of Senmut,” JARCE 9 (1970) 29-48.
Smith, T.S., “A Reconsideration of the Kamose Texts,” ZÄS 103 (1976) 48-76.
Week 8
Required Reading:
Frandsen, P.J., “Egyptian Imperialism,” in Power and Propaganda. Mesopotamia 7 (Copenhagen
1979) 167-190.
Manley, “Wawat and Kush”; “Egypt, Syria and Palestine I”; “Egypt, Syria and Palestine II”; “The
Amarna Letters,” PHA 68-73; 80-81.
Van Dijk, J., “The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c.1352-1069 BC),” in Chapt. 10
in Shaw, HAE 272-294 only.
Suggested Readings:
Allen, J., “The Natural Philosophy of Akhenaten,” YES 3 (1989) 89-101.
Assmann, J., “Akhanyati’s Theology of Light and Time,” The Israel Academy of Sciences and
Humanities, Proceedings 7, 4 (Jerusalem 1997) 143-176.
Assmann, J., “State and Religion in the New Kingdom,” YES 3 (1989) 55-88.
Baines, J., “The Dawn of the Amarna Age,” Chapt. 8 in D. O’Connor and E.H. Cline, eds.,
Amenhotep III. Perspectives on His Reign (Ann Arbor 1998) 271-312.
Bierbrier, M., “The Men of the Gang,” “Building the Tombs,” and “Village Life at Deir elMedina,” Chapts. 2 - 4 in Tomb Builders of the Pharaohs (New York 1984) 27-83.
15
Bleiberg, E., “Historical Texts as Political Propaganda,” BES 7 (1985/86) 5-13.
Cerný, J., “Prices and wages in Egypt in the Ramessid Period,” JESHO 1 (1954) 903-921.
Edgerton, W.F., “The Government and the Governed in the Egyptian Empire,” JNES 6 (1947)
152-160.
Frandsen, P.J., “Egyptian Imperialism,” in Power and Propaganda. Mesopotamia 7 (Copenhagen
1979) 167-190.
Grimal, N., “Akhenaten,” Chapt. 10 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge,
MA 1992) 226-244.
Grimal, N., “The Ramessid Period,” Chapt. 11 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans.
(Cambridge, MA 1992) 245-292.
Gunn, B., “The Religion of the Poor in Ancient Egypt,” JEA 3 (1916) 81-94.
Janssen, J.J., “Ancient Egyptian Economics,” Chapt. 4 in Commodity Prices from the Ramessid
Period (Leiden 1975) 539-562.
Janssen, J.J., “Prolegomena to the Study of Egypt’s Economic History during the New Kingdom,”
SAK 3 (1975) 127-185.
Janssen, J.J., “The Role of the Temple in the Egyptian Economy during the New Kingdom,” OLP
6 (1979) 505-515.
Kemp, B.J., “Imperialism and Empire in New Kingdom Egypt,” in P.D.A. Garnsey, et al.,
Imperialism in the Ancient world (c. 1575-1078B.C.) (Cambridge 1978) 7-57.
Oren, E.D., “The ‘Ways of Horus’ in North Sinai,” Chapt. 6 in A.F. Rainey, ed., Egypt, Israel,
Sinai. Archaeological and Historical Relationships in the Biblical Period (Tel Aviv 1987)
69-119.
Redford, D., “The Spiritual Milieu of Akhenaten’s Reaction,” and “The Object of Akhenaten’s
Worship,” Chapts. 8 and 9 in Akenaten: The Heretic King (Princeton 1992) 157-181.
Redford, D., “The Sun-disc in Akhenaten’s Program: Its Worship and Antecedents,” JARCE 13
(1976) 47-61.
Redford, D., “The Sun-disc in Akhenaten’s Program: Its Worship and Antecedents. II,” JARCE 17
(1980) 21-38.
Schulman, A.R., “Diplomatic Marriages in the Egyptian New Kingdom,” JNES 38 (1979) 177193.
Smith, T.S., “A Model for Egyptian Imperialism in Nubia,” GM 122 (1991) 77-102.
Week 9
Required Reading:
Manley, “Power and the Royal Palace I”; “Power and the Royal Palace II”; “The Road to Kadesh,”
PHA 76-79; 92-93.
Murnane, W.J., “Imperial Egypt and the Limits of Power,” in R. Cohen and R. Westbrook, eds.,
Amarna Diplomacy. The Beginnings of International Relations (Baltimore and London
2000) 101-111.
Shaw, I., “Egypt and the Outside World,” Chapt. 11 in Shaw, HAE 314-329.
Van Dijk, J., “The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c.1352-1069 BC),” in Chapt. 10
in Shaw, HAE 294-304 only.
Suggested Readings:
16
Aldred, C., “More Light on the Ramesside Tomb Robberies,” in J. Ruffle, et al., eds., Glimses of
Egypt: Studies in Honour of H.W. Fairman (Warminster 1979) 92-99.
Bierbrier, M., “Religion,” and “Justice,” Chapts. 5 and 6 in Tomb Builders of the Pharaohs (New
York 1984) 84 - 118.
Blackman, A., “Oracles in Ancient Egypt,” JEA 12 (1926) 176-186 with Pls. XXXIV-XLII.
Cerný, J., “Egyptian Oracles,” in R. Parker, A Saite Oracle Papyrus from Thebes (Providence
1963) 35-48.
de Buck, A., “The Judicial Papyrus of Turin,” JEA 23 (1937) 152-164.
Edgerton, W.F., “The Strikes in Rameses III’s Twenty-Ninth Year,” JNES 10 (1951) 137-145.
Goedicke, H., “Was Magic used in the Harem Conspiracy Against Ramesses III? (P. Rollin and P.
Lee),” JEA 49 (1963) 71-92.
Grimal, N., “The Ramessid Period,” Chapt. 11 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans.
(Cambridge, MA 1992) 245-292.
Gunn, B., “The Religion of the Poor in Ancient Egypt,” JEA 3 (1916) 81-94.
Lichtheim, M., “Monumental Inscriptions,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 1177.
Lichtheim, M., “Three Penitential Hymns from Deir el-Medina,” and “The Instruction of
Amenemope,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 104-116; 146-163.
Raban, A., and R.R. Stieglitz, “The Sea Peoples and their Contributions to Civilization,” BAR
(Nov./Dec. 1991) 34-42, 92-93.
Rainey, A.F., and F.J. Yurco, “Scholars Disagree: Can You Name the Panel with the Israelites,”
BAR (Nov./Dec. 1991) 54-61, 93.
Redford, D., “The Coming of the Sea Peoples,” and “ ‘These are the Bene-Israel . . .’: The Advent
of Israel,” Chapts. 9 and 10 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton
1992) 241-280.
Spalinger, A., “Considerations on the Hittite Treaty between Egypt and Hatti,” SAK 9 (1981) 299358.
Yurco, F.J., “Merneptah’s Canaanite Campaign,” JARCE 23 (1986) 189-215.
Week 10
Required Reading:
Manley, “Urbanization” Libyan Invasions and Sea Peoples” “The Decline of Royal Authority,”
PHA 94-99.
Redford, D., “The Coming of the Sea Peoples,” Chapt. 9 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient
Times (Princeton 1992) 241-256.
Van Dijk, J., “The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c.1352-1069 BC),” in Chapt. 10
in Shaw, HAE 304-313 only.
Suggested Readings:
Edwards, I.E.S., “Egypt: From the Twenty-second to the Twenty-fourth Dynasty,” Chapt. 13 in
CAH III2, 1 (Cambridge 1982) 534-581.
Grimal, N., “The Third Intermediate Period,” Chapt. 13 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw,
trans. (Cambridge, MA 1992) 311-333.
Kitchen, K.A., “The Arrival of the Libyans in Late New Kingdom Egypt,” in A. Leahy, ed., Libya
and Egypt c1300-750 BC (London 1990) 15-27.
17
Week 11
Required Reading:
Lichtheim, M., “The Report of Wenamun,” in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 224230.
Manley, “Tanis, Thebes and Libya” and “The Palestinian Campaign of Shoshenq I,” PHA 100103.
Taylor, J., “The Third Intermediate Period (1069-664 BC),” in Chapt. 12 in Shaw, HAE 330-368.
Suggested Readings:
Grimal, N., “Nubians and Saites,” Chapt. 14 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans.
(Cambridge, MA 1992) 334-366.
James, T.G.H., “Egypt: The Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Dynasties,” Chapt. 35 in CAH2 III, 2
(Cambridge 1991) 677-747.
Lichtheim, M., “Royal Inscriptions,” and “Two Pseudoepigraphica,” in Ancient Egyptian
Literature III (Berkeley 1980) 66-89; 90-103.
O’Connor, D., “Early States along the Nubian Nile,” in W.V. Davies, ed., Egypt and Africa. Nubia
from Prehistory to Islam (London 1991) 145-165.
Redford, D., “Egypt and Israel in the World of Assyria,” Chapt. 12 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in
Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 312-364.
Säve-Söderbergh, T., “Teh-Khet. The cultural and sociopolitical Structure of a Nubian Princedom
in Tuthmoside Times,” in W.V. Davies, ed., Egypt and Africa. Nubia from Prehistory to
Islam (London 1991) 186-194.
Shinnie, P.L., “Trade Routes of the Ancient Sudan,” in W.V. Davies, ed., Egypt and Africa. Nubia
from Prehistory to Islam (London 1991) 49-53.
Török, L., “Iconography and Mentality. Three Remarks on the Kushite Way of Thinking,” in
W.V. Davies, ed., Egypt and Africa. Nubia from Prehistory to Islam (London 1991) 195204.
Williams, B., “A Prospectus for Studying the historical Essence of Ancient Nubia,” in W.V.
Davies, ed., Egypt and Africa. Nubia from Prehistory to Islam (London 1991) 74-87.
Week 12
Required Reading:
Manley, “Division of the Kingdom”; “Kings from Kush”; and “The Sack of Thebes,” PHA 104107; 118-119.
Redford, D., “ ‘These are the Bene-Israel . . .’: The Advent of Israel,” Chapt. 10 in Egypt, Canaan,
and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 257-280.
Redford, D., “Horses and Pharaoh’s Daughter: Egypt and the United Monarchy,” Chapt. 11 in
Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton 1992) 283-311.
Suggested Readings:
Atkinson, K., “The Legitimacy of Cambyses and Darius as Kings of Egypt,” JAOS 76 (1956) 167177.
Bianchi, R., “Persier im Ägypten [Persians in Egypt],” LÄ V (1982) 943-951.
Burstein, S., “Images of Egypt in Greek Historiography,” in A. Loprieno, ed., Ancient Egyptian
Literature. Probleme der Ägyptologie 10 (Leiden 1996) 591-604.
18
Grimal, N., “Persians and Greeks,” Chapt. 15 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans.
(Cambridge, MA 1992) 367-388.
Gunn, B., “Notes on the Naukratis Stela,” JEA 29 (1944) 55-59.
Kitchen, K., “The Saite Triumph: Early Twenty-sixth Dynasty,” and “Notes on the Background of
the Story of the Cycle of Pedubastis,” Chapt. 24 and Excursus G in The Third Intermediate
Period (Wiltshire 1986) 399-408; 455-461.
Lichtheim, M., “Biographical Inscriptions” and “Demotic Literature,” Ancient Egyptian Literature
III (Berkeley 1980) 13-65; 125-159.
Lloyd, A.B., “Egypt, 404-322 B.C.,” Chapt. 8e in CAH2 VI (Cambridge 1994) 337-360.
Lloyd, A.B., “The Late Period, 664-323 BC,” Chapt. 4 in Ancient Egypt: A Social History
(Cambridge 1983) 279-348.
Ray, J.D., “Egypt 525-404 B.C.,” in CAH2 IV (Cambridge 1988) 254-286.
Redford, D., “Egypt and the Fall of Judah,” Chapt. 15 in Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient
Times (Princeton 1992) 430-469.
Spalinger, A., “The Concept of the Monarchy during the Saite Epoch - an Essay of Synthesis,” Or.
46 (1978) 12-36.
Week 13
Required Reading:
Manley, “The Saite Monarchy”; “Saite Egypt and the Near East”; “The Nubiasn Legacy of the
25th Dynasty”; “Persia and Egyptian Independence,” PHA 120-127.
Lloyd, A.B., “The Late Period (664-332),” Chapt. 13 in Shaw, HAE 269-394.
Lichtheim, M., “Biographical Inscriptions,” Ancient Egyptian Literature III (Berkeley 1980) 1365.
Suggested Readings:
Bowman, A., “Greeks and Egyptians,” and “Alexandria, Queen of the Mediterranean,” Chapts. 5
and 7 in Egypt after the Pharaohs 332 BC - AD 642 (Berkeley 1986) 121-164; 203-234.
Bowman, A., “The Ruling Power,” Chapt. 2 in Egypt after the Pharaohs 332 BC - AD 642
(Berkeley 1986) 21-53.
Griffiths, J.G. “Egyptian Nationalism in the Edfu Temple Texts,” in J. Ruffle, et al., eds., Glimpses
of Egypt (Fairman Fs.) (Warminster 1979) 174-179.
Lloyd, A., “Nationalist Propaganda in Ptolemaic Egypt,” Historia 31 (1982) 33-55.
Lloyd, A., “North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, 323 BC to AD 305,” Chapt. 3 in
The Cambridge History of Africa 148-164.
Morchauser, S.N., “Using History: Reflections on the Bentresh Stela,” SAK 15 (1988) 203-219.
Préaux, C., “Graeco-Roman Egypt,” Chapt. 12 in J.R. Harris, ed., The Legacy of Egypt2 323-354.
Rickets, L. “The Administration of Late Ptolemaic Egypt,” in J. Johnson, ed., Life in a MultiCultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to Constantine and Beyond. SAOC 51 (Chicago
1992) 275-281.
Week 14
Required Reading:
Manley, “After Alexander,” PHA 128-129.
Lloyd, A.B. “The Ptolemaic Period,” Chapt. 14 in Shaw, HAE 395-422.
19
Ritner, R., “Implicit Models of Cross-Cultural Interaction: A Question of Noses, Soap, and
Prejudice,” in J. Johnson, ed., Life in a Multi-Cultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to
Constantine and Beyond. SAOC 51 (Chicago 1992) 283-290.
Week 15
Required Reading:
Peacock, D., “The Roman Period (30 BC – AD 311),” Chapt. 15 in Shaw, HAE 422-445.
20